组合学：26个字母(含大小写)和10个数字组合为4位串的可能性测算

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最新推荐文章于 2023-09-29 11:22:59 发布

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分类专栏： # [算法初阶] 文章标签：组合学组合 java编码组合组合数公式有序串码

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使用26个字母(含大小写,实际为52个字母)和10个数字组合一个4位的串码，问有多少种组合？

'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'
, 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'
, '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'

一.从数学角度推导出组合公式

组合数公式是指从 n 个不同元素中，任取 m(m≤n) 个元素并成一组，叫做从 n 个不同元素中取出 m 个元素的一个组合；从 n 个不同元素中取出 m(m≤n) 个元素的所有组合的个数，叫做 n 个不同元素中取出 m 个元素的组合数。用符号 C(n,m) 表示。

以数字集合n1,取m个元素做组合,该集合内无重复元素(有重复元素就要先去重)

n1 = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9' }

此例可初步推导出，在n个无重复元素集合中,取m个元素做组合(长度为x，组合时可复用单个元素)，组成为不同的串码组合，可以有n的m次方(n^m或n^x)种组合;

此处n1=10,m=4;

由上得出C(n,m)=n1的m次方=n1^m=10^4=10000;

若n1=10,m=3;

得出C(n,m)=n1^m=10^3=1000;

二.使用java程序实现组合结果，并输出(此DEMO程序没有做去重复元素的逻辑实现)

/**
 * Copyright (C), 2000-2021, XXX有限公司
 * FileName: combination
 * Author: wangyetao
 * Date: 21-10-20 11:20:40
 * Description: 组合学：26个字母(含大小写)和10个数字组合为4位串的可能性测算
 * History:
 * <author> <time> <version> <desc>
 * 作者姓名 修改时间 版本号 版本描述
 */
package simple.callback.cryptographyalgorithm;

/**
 * @ClassName: combination
 * @Description: java类描述
 * @Author: wangyetao
 * @Date: 21-10-20 11:20:40
 */
public class Combination {

    //四个数组,实际可用递归代替,这里只做直观的演示用
    private static char[] charLibs0 = new char[]{
            /*'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'
            , 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'
            , */'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'
    };
    private static char[] charLibs1 = new char[]{
            /*'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'
            , 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'
            , */'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'
    };
    private static char[] charLibs2 = new char[]{
            /*'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'
            , 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'
            , */'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'
    };
    private static char[] charLibs3 = new char[]{
            /*'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'
            , 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'
            , */'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'
    };
    //标位1
    //标位2
    //标位3
    //标位4
    //计数
    private static int count = 0;


    //TEST
    public static void main(String[] args) {


        for (int i = 0; i < charLibs0.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < charLibs1.length; j++) {
                for (int k = 0; k < charLibs2.length; k++) {
                    for (int l = 0; l < charLibs3.length; l++) {

                        System.out.println(charLibs0[i] + "" + charLibs1[j] + "" + charLibs2[k] + "" + charLibs3[l]); //输出单次组合结果
                        count++;

                    }
                }
            }
        }

        System.out.println("count:" + count);
    }



}

程序输出0(仅数字的组合)：

0000
0001
0002

......

9997
9998
9999
count:10000

Process finished with exit code 0

程序输出1(仅小写字母的组合)：

......
zzzw
zzzx
zzzy
zzzz
count:456976

Process finished with exit code 0

程序输出2(大小写字母+数字的组合)：

count:14776336

Process finished with exit code 0

在此记录与总结，如有错误请指正，感谢！2021年 10月 20日星期三 13:11:32 CST。

UPDATE1，2021年 10月 20日星期三 18:04:15 CST

simple.callback.cryptographyalgorithm.CombinationV2.java

/**
 * Copyright (C), 2000-2021, XXX有限公司
 * FileName: CombinationV2
 * Author: wangyetao
 * Date: 21-10-20 15:10:31
 * Description:组合学：26个字母(含大小写)和10个数字组合为4位串码的可能性测算V2
 * History:
 * <author> <time> <version> <desc>
 * 作者姓名 修改时间 版本号 版本描述
 */
package simple.callback.cryptographyalgorithm;

import java.util.ArrayList;

/**
 * @ClassName: CombinationV2
 * @Description: java类描述
 * @Author: wangyetao
 * @Date: 21-10-20 15:10:31
 */
public class CombinationV2 {

    //字符数组
    private static char[] charLibs = new char[]{
            '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'
            , 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z'
            , 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z'

    };
    //单例实例对象
    private static CombinationV2 instance = null;
    //存储所有生成的组合，一次装载到内存，也可通过其它中间件方式；volatile+同步锁,确保多线程环境下数据安全
    private volatile static ArrayList<String> libs = new ArrayList();
    //记数
    private static int count = 0;
    //标位
    private volatile static int nextIndex = -1;

    //获取组合串码的总个数
    public int libsize() {
        return libs.size();
    }

    private CombinationV2() {
    }

    //获取单例
    public static CombinationV2 getInstance() {
        //class同步锁
        synchronized (CombinationV2.class) {
            if (instance == null) {
                long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                init();
                instance = new CombinationV2();
                long consumeTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
                System.out.println("首次创建单例实例对象耗时：" + consumeTime + "ms");
            }

            return instance;
        }
    }


    /**
     * 初始化生成并保存所有的不重复的4位串码组合
     * 此处暂用FOR嵌套实现。题外话：看有些技术社区文章说可用递归实现
     */
    private static void init() {

        for (int i = 0; i < charLibs.length; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < charLibs.length; j++) {
                for (int k = 0; k < charLibs.length; k++) {
                    for (int l = 0; l < charLibs.length; l++) {

                        libs.add(count, charLibs[i] + "" + charLibs[j] + "" + charLibs[k] + "" + charLibs[l]);
                        count++;

                    }
                }
            }
        }

    }


    //取串码
    public String next() {
        synchronized (CombinationV2.class) {
            if (libs != null && libs.size() > 0) {
                nextIndex++;
                if (nextIndex < libsize()) {
                    return libs.get(nextIndex);
                }
            }
        }
        return "";
    }


    //标位重置
    public void indexReset() {
        synchronized (CombinationV2.class) {
            nextIndex = -1;
        }
    }


}

simple.callback.cryptographyalgorithm.CombinationV2Test.java

/**
 * Copyright (C), 2000-2021, XXX有限公司
 * FileName: CombinationV2Test
 * Author: wangyetao
 * Date: 21-10-20 17:09:56
 * Description:测试用例
 * History:
 * <author> <time> <version> <desc>
 * 作者姓名 修改时间 版本号 版本描述
 */
package simple.callback.cryptographyalgorithm;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 * @ClassName: CombinationV2Test
 * @Description: 测试用例类
 * @Author: wangyetao
 * @Date: 21-10-20 17:09:56
 */
public class CombinationV2Test {


    @Test
    public void testCombinationV2() throws InterruptedException {

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                task();
            }
        };

        //50*3=150
        cachedThreadPool.execute(runnable);
        cachedThreadPool.execute(runnable);
        cachedThreadPool.execute(runnable);
        cachedThreadPool.shutdownNow();
        cachedThreadPool.shutdown();
    }

    //5*5*2=50
    public static void task() {

        CombinationV2 combinationV2 = CombinationV2.getInstance();
        CombinationV2 combinationV21 = CombinationV2.getInstance();

        System.out.println("Thread-" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-libsize=" + combinationV2.libsize());
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

            for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
                System.out.println("Thread-" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-combinationV2:" + combinationV2.next());
                System.out.println("Thread-" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-combinationV21:" + combinationV21.next());
            }

        }
    }
}

DEMO输出结果：

首次创建单例实例对象耗时：15952ms
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-libsize=14776336
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-libsize=14776336
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-libsize=14776336
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:0001
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:0000
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:0004
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:0005
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:0003
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:0002
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:0008
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:0009
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:000a
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:000b
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:000c
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:0007
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:0006
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:000e
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:000d
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:000g
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:000f
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:000i
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:000h
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:000k
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:000j
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:000m
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:000l
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:000o
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:000n
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:000q
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:000p
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:000s
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:000r
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:000u
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:000t
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:000w
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:000v
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:000y
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:000x
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:000A
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:000z
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:000C
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:000B
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:000E
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:000D
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:000G
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:000F
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:000I
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:000H
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:000K
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:000J
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:000M
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:000L
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:000O
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:000N
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:000Q
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:000P
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:000S
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:000R
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:000V
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:000U
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:000T
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:000X
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:000W
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:000Z
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:000Y
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:0011
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:0013
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:0014
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:0015
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:0016
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:0017
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:0018
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:0019
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:001a
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:001b
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:001c
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:001d
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:001e
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:001f
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:001g
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:001h
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:001i
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:001j
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:001k
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:001l
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:001m
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV2:001n
Thread-pool-1-thread-2-combinationV21:001o
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:0010
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001p
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001q
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001r
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001s
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001t
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001u
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001v
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001w
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001x
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001y
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001z
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001A
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001B
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001C
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001D
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001E
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001F
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001G
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001H
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001I
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001J
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001K
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001L
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001M
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001N
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001O
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001P
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001Q
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV2:001R
Thread-pool-1-thread-3-combinationV21:001S
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:0012
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:001T
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:001U
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:001V
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:001W
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:001X
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:001Y
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:001Z
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:0020
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:0021
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:0022
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:0023
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:0024
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:0025
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:0026
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:0027
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:0028
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:0029
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:002a
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:002b
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:002c
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:002d
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:002e
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:002f
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:002g
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:002h
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:002i
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:002j
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:002k
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:002l
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:002m
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:002n
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV2:002o
Thread-pool-1-thread-1-combinationV21:002p

Process finished with exit code 0

最后小结：从 n 个不同元素中，任取 m(m≤n) 个元素并成一组(长度为x，组合时可复用单个元素)，组成为不同的串码组合，则组合数C(n,m)=n^m或C(n,m)=n^x；
由52个字母与10个数字，组成的4位串码，排列组合数有C(n,m)=n^m=62^4=14776336种。

在此记录与总结，2021年 10月 20日星期三 18:18:04 CST。

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组合学：26个字母(含大小写)和10个数字组合为4位串的可能性测算

使用26个字母(含大小写,实际为52个字母)和10个数字组合一个4位的串，问有多少种组合？'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', '
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