将getenv函数-->_dupenv_s函数

C语言中getenv()读取环境变量的当前值的函数

_dupenv_s is a Microsoft function, designed as a more secure form of getenv.

_dupenv_s allocates the buffer itself; you have to pass it a pointer to a pointer and it sets this to the address of the newly allocated buffer.

For example,

char* buf = nullptr;
size_t sz = 0;
if (_dupenv_s(&buf, &sz, "EnvVarName") == 0 && buf != nullptr)
{
    printf("EnvVarName = %s\n", buf);
    free(buf);
}

Note that you're responsible for freeing the returned buffer.

原形：char *getenv(const char *name)

功能：返回一给定的环境变量值，环境变量名可大写或小写。如果指定的变量在环境中未定义，则返回一空串。
用法：
   #include <stdlib.h>
   char *s;
   s=getenv("TMP_DIR");
 
但是，在VS2005编译的时候，会出现如下警告：warning C4996: 'getenv': This function or variable may be unsafe. Consider using _dupenv_s instead. To disable deprecation, use _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. See online help for details.
 
_dupenv_s原形：
errno_t _dupenv_s(
   char **buffer,
   size_t *numberOfElements,
   const char *varname
);
参数说明：
buffer：Buffer to store the variable's value.
numberOfElements：Size of buffer.
varname：Environment variable name. 
因此，如果用_dupenv_s来实现的话，如下：
char *s;
size_t len;
errno_t err = _dupenv_s( &s, &len, env );
if ( err ) exit(-1);
free(tmp);