目录
2 Radio Frequency Interference Detection and Mitigation Using Compressive Statistical Sensing
3 Radio Frequency Interference Detection and Mitigation Algorithms Based on Spectrogram Analysis
Radio frequency interference detection and mitigation techniques for navigation and Earth observation
[PDF]
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Radio Frequency Interference Detection and Mitigation Using Compressive Statistical Sensing
[PDF]
Abatract
Quasiperiodic radio frequency interference (RFI), such as those generated by telecommunication and active radar systems, is commonly encountered in radio astronomy observations. Such RFI‐contaminated signals contain hidden periodicities due to cyclic features involved in their formation (e.g., carrier frequencies, periodic keying of the amplitude, and baud rates). RFI signal characterization and its subsequent excision based on the well‐known cyclic spectrum analysis have been previously demonstrated; however, the high complexity of the algorithm and the computational cost of its implementation have limited its utility in radio astronomy, rendering less sophisticated solutions.
To overcome this challenge, we present a novel method for RFI detection and mitigation based on efficient estimation of the cyclic spectrum by compressive statistical sensing (CSS) of sub‐Nyquist data. CSS performs second‐order statistical estimation such as cyclic spectrum using a reduced number of input samples, thereby enabling accelerated performance. To validate the feasibility of the proposed method, we conduct experiments with simulated data and assess the detection and mitigation results under different parameter settings, for example, interference‐to‐noise ratio, additional RFI sources, frequency resolution, and input data size. We demonstrate the real performance of the method by analyzing radio astronomy data (∼1.3 GHz) acquired with the L‐wide band receiver at the Arecibo Observatory, which is typically corrupted by active air surveillance radars located nearby. Our CSS‐based solution enables robust and efficient detection of the RFI frequency bands present in the L‐band data, and subsequent excision by blanking is also demonstrated.
准周期无线电频率干扰 (RFI) 是射电天文观测中经常遇到的问题,如由电信和主动雷达系统产生的干扰。这类 RFI 污染信号由于其形成过程中的周期性特征 (例如,载波频率、振幅的周期性键控和波特率) 而包含隐藏的周期性。基于众所周知的循环频谱分析的 RFI 信号表征和随后的切除已经被证明;然而,该算法的高复杂度和实现的计算成本限制了其在射电天文学中的应用,导致其解决方案不够复杂。
为了克服这一挑战,提出了一种新的 RFI 检测和缓解方法,该方法基于 sub-Nyquist 数据的压缩统计感知 (CSS) 循环谱的有效估计。CSS 使用更少的输入样本进行二阶统计估计,如循环谱,从而实现加速性能。为了验证该方法的可行性,本文使用模拟数据进行实验,并评估不同参数设置下的检测和缓解结果,例如干扰噪声比、额外的 RFI 源、频率分辨率和输入数据大小。
通过分析阿雷西博天文台 L 宽频接收机获取的射电天文学数据 (~ 1.3 GHz) 来验证该方法的实际性能,该数据通常会被附近的主动空中监视雷达损坏。本文基于 CSS 的解决方案能够稳健高效地检测 L 波段数据中的 RFI 频段,并演示了随后通过消隐进行的切除。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Radio Frequency Interference Detection and Mitigation Algorithms Based on Spectrogram Analysis
[PDF]
Abstract
Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) detection and mitigation algorithms based on a signal’s spectrogram (frequency and time domain representation) are presented. The radiometric signal’s spectrogram is treated as an image, and therefore image processing techniques are applied to detect and mitigate RFI by two-dimensional filtering. A series of Monte-Carlo simulations have been performed to evaluate the performance of a simple thresholding algorithm and a modified two-dimensional Wiener filter.
本文提出了基于信号频谱图 (频域和时域表示) 的射频干扰 (RFI) 检测和抑制算法。将辐射信号的光谱图视为图像,利用图像处理技术通过二维滤波来检测和抑制射频干扰。通过一系列的蒙特卡罗模拟来评估一个简单的阈值算法和一个改进的二维维纳滤波器的性能。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Radio-Frequency Interference Detection and Mitigation Algorithms for Synthetic Aperture Radiometers
[PDF]
Abstract
The European Space Agency (ESA) successfully launched the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission in November 2, 2009. SMOS uses a new type of instrument, a synthetic aperture radiometer named MIRAS that provides full-polarimetric multi-angular L-band brightness temperatures, from which regular and global maps of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) and Soil Moisture (SM) are generated. Although SMOS operates in a restricted band (1400–1427 MHz), radio-frequency interference (RFI) appears in SMOS imagery in many areas of the world, and it is an important issue to be addressed for quality SSS and SM retrievals. The impact on SMOS imagery of a sinusoidal RFI source is reviewed, and the problem is illustrated with actual RFI encountered by SMOS. Two RFI detection and mitigation algorithms are developed (dual-polarization and full-polarimetric modes), the performance of the second one has been quantitatively evaluated in terms of probability of detection and false alarm (using a synthetic test scene), and results presented using real dual-polarization and full-polarimetric SMOS imagery. Finally, a statistical analysis of more than 13,000 L1b snap-shots is presented and discussed.
欧洲航天局 (ESA) 于 2009 年 11 月 2 日成功发射了 “土壤水分和海洋盐度” (SMOS) 任务。SMOS 使用了一种新型仪器,一种名为 MIRAS 的合成孔径辐射计,它提供全偏振多角度l波段亮度温度,并据此生成常规和全球海表盐度 (SSS) 和土壤湿度 (SM) 地图。虽然 SMOS 是在一个限制频段 (14001427mhz) 工作,但在世界许多地区的 SMOS 图像中都出现了射频干扰 (RFI),这是高质量 SSS 和 SM 检索需要解决的一个重要问题。本文回顾了正弦 RFI 源对 SMOS 图像的影响,并以 SMOS 遇到的实际 RFI 来说明这个问题。两个 RFI 检测和缓解开发算法 (双极化和 full-polarimetric 模式),第二个是定量评估的性能检测概率和假警报(使用合成测试场景),和结果提出使用真正的双极化和 full-polarimetric SMOS 图像。最后,对 13000 多个 L1b 快照进行了统计分析并进行了讨论。