String to Integer (atoi)

一. String to Integer (atoi)

Implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.

Hint: Carefully consider all possible input cases. If you want a challenge, please do not see below and ask yourself what are the possible input cases.

Notes: It is intended for this problem to be specified vaguely (ie, no given input specs). You are responsible to gather all the input requirements up front.

Difficulty:Medium

TIME：18MIN

解法

这道题的的意思是说把字符串转换为int类型的数字，转换的过程要满足一下几个要点：

• 遇到有效字符（+,-,0-9）前的空白符直接跳过
• 遇到非空白符非有效字符那么直接输出已经构造的数字（比如遇到字母）
• 遇到有效字符后除非遇到数字，不然直接输出已经构造的数字（比如-+2，输出0，+2-4输出2）

int myAtoi(string str) {
    long result = 0;
    int sign = 1;
    bool show = false;  //遇到有效字符的标记，一但遇到有效字符就将该标记置为true
    for (int i = 0; i < str.size(); i++) {
        if ((str[i] - '0') >= 0 && (str[i] - '0') <= 9) {
            result = 10 * result + str[i] - '0';
            show = true;
        }
        else if (show) //遇到有效字符后，除非是数字，不然就break
            break;
        else if (str[i] == '-') {
            sign = -1;
            show = true;
        }
        else if (str[i] == '+')
            show = true;
        else if (str[i] == '\n' || str[i] == '\r' || str[i] == ' ')
            continue;
        else  //其余情况一律break
            break;
        if (result * sign > INT32_MAX)
            return INT32_MAX;
        else if (result * sign < INT32_MIN)
            return INT32_MIN;
    }
    return (int)(result * sign);
}

代码的时间复杂度为$O(n)$。

总结

这道题并没有考虑8进制和16进制的情况，不过其实处理起来应该差不了多少。