图片的三级缓冲问题

图片的三级缓冲问题

1. 简述
   最近在做一个新闻客户端的项目，项目中涉及到许多图片的加载，这些图片在每次启动时都需要从网络中获取。但是，在没有连接wifi的情况下，为了减少流量的消耗，系统内部就需要有缓冲的策略，尽可能的减少流量的消耗。

2. 缓冲策略
   当根据url来获取数据时，我们的大概步骤如下：
   -从内存中查找
   -从缓冲中查找
   -从网络中查找

3. 代码实现

/**ImageCache.java**/
package cn.it.huanchong;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.Bitmap.CompressFormat;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.support.v4.util.LruCache;
import android.util.Log;

public class ImageCache {
    //一级缓冲
    private LruCache<String, Bitmap> cache = null;
    //使用线程池
    private ExecutorService threadPool = null;

    private File localDir = null;
    public ImageCache(Context context){
        threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);//创建5个线程
        localDir = context.getCacheDir();//缓冲目录

        //设置内存的大小
        long maxSize = Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()/8;
        cache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>((int) maxSize){
            //图片大小的计算规则
            @Override
            protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap value) {
                int byteRow = value.getRowBytes();
                int rowCount = value.getHeight();
                return byteRow*rowCount;
            }
        };

    }

    public Bitmap getBitmap(String url,Handler handler){
        //从内存获取图片
        Bitmap bitmap = getFromCache(url);
        if(bitmap != null){
            Log.i("xinwen", "从内存取得图片");
            return bitmap;
        }
        //从缓冲获取图片
        bitmap = getFromLocal(url);
        if(bitmap != null){
            Log.i("xinwen", "从本地取得图片");
            return bitmap;
        }
        //从网络中获取图片
        getFromNet(url,handler);

        return null;
    }
    private class ImageRunable implements Runnable{
        private String url; 
        private Handler handler;
        public ImageRunable(String url,Handler handler) {
            this.url= url;
            this.handler = handler;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                URL urlObj = new URL(url);
                //访问网络
                HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) urlObj.openConnection();
                conn.setRequestMethod("GET");//请求方法
                conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);//请求时间
                if(200==conn.getResponseCode()){
                    InputStream input = conn.getInputStream();
                    //使用工具快速生成bitmap对象

                    Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(input);

                    Message msg = new Message();
                    msg.what=200;
                    HashMap<String, Object> data = new HashMap<String, Object>();
                    data.put("url", url);
                    data.put("bitmap", bitmap);
                    msg.obj = data;
                    handler.sendMessage(msg);
                    //保存到集合
                    cache.put(url, bitmap);
                    //保存到文件目录
                    writeToLocal(url,bitmap);
                    return;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            Message msg = new Message();
            msg.what=404;
            handler.sendMessage(msg);
        }


    }
    //将图片保存成文件
    private void writeToLocal(String url, Bitmap bitmap) {
        try {
            String rightName = URLEncoder.encode(url, "UTF-8");

            File imageFile = new File(localDir.getAbsoluteFile()+"/"+rightName);
            if(!imageFile.exists()){
                imageFile.createNewFile();
            }
            //打开文件输出流
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(imageFile);

            bitmap.compress(CompressFormat.JPEG, 80, fos);
            fos.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
    //从网络中获取图片
    private void getFromNet(String url, Handler handler) {
        ImageRunable r = new ImageRunable(url,handler);
        //获取一个线程
        threadPool.execute(r);

    }
    //从缓冲获取图片
    private Bitmap getFromLocal(String url) {

        try {
            //Android是基于linux的，http://www.qq.com,系统无法将含有 ： / 的特殊符号存储成文件名
            //通过以下方式可以将特殊符号转化成%ss%dd进行存储
            String rightName = URLEncoder.encode(url, "UTF-8");

            File imageFile = new File(localDir.getAbsoluteFile()+"/"+rightName);

            //使用图片工具类BitmapFactory  将文件转换成图片
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imageFile.getAbsolutePath());
            //为了下次访问提高速度，添加到集合中
            cache.put(url, bitmap);
            return bitmap;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
    //从内存获取图片
    private Bitmap getFromCache(String url) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return cache.get(url);
    }
}

/**MainActivity.java**/
package cn.it.huanchong;

import java.util.HashMap;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.ImageView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    //图片的地址
    String url1 = "http://172.16.114.211:8080/web/guide_1.png";
    String url2 = "http://172.16.114.211:8080/web/guide_2.png";
    String url3 = "http://172.16.114.211:8080/web/guide_3.png";
    private ImageView img1;
    private ImageView img2;
    private ImageView img3;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        img1 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.img1);
        img2 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.img2);
        img3 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.img3);
        //获取图片并将图片添加到ImageView中
        ImageCache cache = new ImageCache(getBaseContext());
        Bitmap bitmap1 = cache.getBitmap(url1, handler);
        img1.setImageBitmap(bitmap1);
        Bitmap bitmap2 = cache.getBitmap(url2, handler);
        img2.setImageBitmap(bitmap2);
        Bitmap bitmap3 = cache.getBitmap(url3, handler);
        img3.setImageBitmap(bitmap3);


    }
    //获取通过handler发送过来的网络图片
    Handler handler = new Handler(){
        public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
            case 200:
                HashMap<String, Object> map = (HashMap<String, Object>) msg.obj;

                String url = (String) map.get("url");
                Bitmap bitmap = (Bitmap) map.get("bitmap");
                //获取图片并将图片添加到ImageView中
                if(url1.equals(url)){
                    img1.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                }else if(url2.equals(url)){
                    img2.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                }else if(img3.equals(url)){
                    img3.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
                }
                break;

            default:
                break;
            }
        };
    };


}