构造型模式之Memento（备忘录）模式

1.如果你期望根据只包含对象内部状态的休眠版本来重新构造对象，可使用Memento（备忘录）模式
2.方式：短暂备忘录、持久备忘录
3.举例

//备忘录：短暂备忘
public class Memento {
    private int num;

    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }

    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }
}

import java.io.Serializable;
//序列化备忘录：持久备忘
public class LongMemento implements Serializable {
    private int num;

    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }
    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }
}

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
//管理者：实现短暂备忘、持久备忘
public class Caretaker {
    private Memento memento;
    private LongMemento longMemento;
    private final String filePath = "LongMemento.txt";

    public void save(LongMemento longMemento){
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream(filePath);
            oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
            oos.writeObject(longMemento);
            oos.flush();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                oos.close();
                fos.close();                
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public LongMemento read(){
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        ObjectInputStream ois = null;
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream(filePath);
            ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
            longMemento = (LongMemento) ois.readObject();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {               
                ois.close();
                fis.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        return longMemento;
    }

    public Memento getMemento() {
        return memento;
    }

    public void setMemento(Memento memento) {
        this.memento = memento;
    }
}

//发起者：活动状态
public class Originator {
    private int num;

    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }

    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }

    public void setMemento(final Memento memento) {
        num = memento.getNum();
    }

    public Memento createMemento() {
        final Memento memento = new Memento();
        memento.setNum(num);
        return memento;
    }
    public void setLongMemento(final LongMemento memento) {
        num = memento.getNum();
    }

    public LongMemento createLongMemento() {
        final LongMemento memento = new LongMemento();
        memento.setNum(num);
        return memento;
    }
}

//测试类
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Caretaker caretaker = new Caretaker();
        Originator originator = new Originator();
        originator.setNum(100);
        caretaker.setMemento(originator.createMemento());
        System.out.println("start: " + originator.getNum());
        originator.setNum(10);
        System.out.println("then: " + originator.getNum());
        originator.setMemento(caretaker.getMemento());
        System.out.println("reset: " + originator.getNum());

        caretaker.save(originator.createLongMemento());
        System.out.println("2start: " + originator.getNum());
        originator.setNum(20);
        System.out.println("2then: " + originator.getNum());
        originator.setLongMemento(caretaker.read());
        System.out.println("2reset: " + originator.getNum());
    }
}

//结果
start: 100
then: 10
reset: 100
2start: 100
2then: 20
2reset: 100

4.总结：Memento（备忘录）模式的意图在于为对象提供状态存储和状态恢复功能。在应用程序会话期间，保存和恢复对象最常见的理由是支持撤销操作。在这种情况下，我们可以将对象的状态存储在另一个对象中。为了支持对象跨多个会话的持久性存储，可以使用对象序列化或者其他方式来保存备忘录。
5.参考：http://blog.chinaunix.net/xmlrpc.php?r=blog/article&uid=29140694&id=4127905