这篇文章主要介绍了Ubuntu14.04在系统平台（未使用anaconda环境管理）搭建CPU版Caffe，无GPU，详解教程,操作系统是Ubuntu 14.04，本文分步骤给大家介绍的非常详细，具有参考借鉴价值，需要的朋友可以参考下.
操作系统: Ubuntu 14.04
PYTHON版本：2.7，使用python3会有各种包依赖问题
是否使用PYTHON API: 是, 目标是安装后CAFFE能作为PYTHON MODULE来使用
硬件: 云服务器, 只使用CPU模式
本文主要参考大牛的博客https://www.cnblogs.com/xuanxufeng/p/6016945.html 然后填了一些自己安装过程中遇到的坑。
1.安装依赖
1 sudo apt-get install libprotobuf-dev libleveldb-dev libsnappy-dev libopencv-dev libhdf5-serial-dev protobuf-compiler
2 sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends libboost-all-dev
3 sudo apt-get install libgflags-dev libgoogle-glog-dev liblmdb-dev
4 sudo apt-get install libatlas-base-dev
5 sudo apt-get install libopencv-devPYTHON需要2.7版本,这是操作系统本身已经安装好的. 输入python2.7 --version 会显示具体的版本号说明安装了.
但是还需要sudo apt-get install python-dev
2.下载Caffe
使用Git直接下载Caffe非常简单，或者去https://github.com/BVLC/caffe下载。由于我习惯去github上找代码，所以就直接去下载的源码。
使用git下载caffe到家目录，下载完成后，会在家目录下的下载里找到caffe文件夹，切换到caffe文件夹中。
$ cd ~
$ git clone git://github.com/BVLC/caffe.git
$ cd caffe
3.编译Caffe
（1）创建Makefile.comfig文件
cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config（2）修改配置文件Makefile.config
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style="font-size:14px;"># CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support). CPU_ONLY := 1 #一定需要打开。 # Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3 # OPENCV_VERSION := 3 #用的是2.4版本不需要打开。 # To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following. # N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++ # CUSTOM_CXX := g++ #已经更新到至少4.8，选择默认的就好。 # CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need. #这是GPU用到的，注释掉就可以。 #CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda # On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via # "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead: # CUDA_DIR := /usr # CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them. # For CUDA < 6.0, comment the *_50 lines for compatibility. #这些部分全部注释，和我们cpu家族没有关系。 #CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 \ ## -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_21 \ # -gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \ # -gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 \ # -gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \ # -gencode arch=compute_50,code=compute_50 # BLAS choice: # atlas for ATLAS (default) # mkl for MKL # open for OpenBlas BLAS := atlas #如果安装mkl并且设置好路径的可以试一下mkl，不过一般会出错，找不到lmkl文件，建议采用atlas，简单易行。 # Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories. # Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS # (which should work)! # BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas # BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas # Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path # BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include # BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib # This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface. #python很流行，matlab暂时没安装，也就用不到了。 # MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin. # MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local # MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app # NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface. # We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h. PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \ #因为下安装的时候采用的时2.7版本的python，所以这里打开2.7版本的，但是要确保python安装在系统默认路径下。 /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include # Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path: # Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root. # ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda2 # PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \ $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python2.7 \ $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include \ # Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2) # PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.5m # PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python3.5m \ # /usr/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/numpy/core/include # We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib. PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib # PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib # Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only) # PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include # PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib # Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs) # WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1 # Whatever else you find you need goes here. INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial #增加hdf5路径 LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial # If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies # INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include # LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib # Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths. # (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.) # USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1 BUILD_DIR := build #编译分配用到的路径，打开即可。 DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute # Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171 # DEBUG := 1 #挑错模式，喜欢debug的朋友不妨试试。 # Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs) # WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1 # Whatever else you find you need goes here. INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial #增加hdf5路径 LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial # If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies # INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include # LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib # Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths. # (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.) # USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1 BUILD_DIR := build #编译分配用到的路径，打开即可。 DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute # Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171 # DEBUG := 1 #挑错模式，喜欢debug的朋友不妨试试。
（3）编译 Caffe
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make pycaffe -jX #为了提高编译速度，这里的x设成自己的cpu核数 make all -jX make test -jX
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make runtest -jX #注意，这里也可直接运行测试，make runtest
注意：这里如果使用MAC OS系统终端登陆服务器配置的话在runtest的时候会有一些Field，原因是字符集不匹配，在终端执行以下命令再运行runtest就好.
export LC_ALL="C"
如果上面4行某一行报错之后想要重试,建议先make clean再重新开始。
4.编译Python接口
Caffe拥有python\C++\shell接口，在Caffe使用python特别方便，在实例中都有接口的说明。
- 确保pip已经安装
sudo apt-get install python-pip- 执行安装依赖
在caffe根目录的python文件夹下，有一个requirements.txt的清单文件，上面列出了需要的依赖库，按照这个清单安装就可以了。
在安装scipy库的时候，需要fortran编译器（gfortran)，如果没有这个编译器就会报错，因此，我们可以先安装一下。
首先回到caffe的根目录，然后执行安装代码：
cd ~/caffe
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kirillshkrogalev/ffmpeg-next
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gfortran
cd ./python
for req in $(cat requirements.txt); do pip install $req; done
安装完成以后，再次回到caffe根目录我们可以执行：
sudo pip install -r python/requirements.txt就会看到，安装成功的，都会显示Requirement already satisfied, 没有安装成功的，会继续安装。
- 运行python结构
$ python2.7
Python 2.7.12 (default, Jul 1 2016, 15:12:24)
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import caffe
>>>
如果没有报错，说明caffe安装全部完成
注意：如果import caffe提示找不到caffe，需要将 PYTHONPATH加入.bashrc中：
- vim ~/.bashrc
- 在文件末端添加下面两句
- #set PYTHONPATH 设置caffe下的路径。否则caffe也找不到。
- export PYTHONPATH="/home/tom/caffe/python:$PYTHONPATH" 标红的地方换成自己的caffe路径
加完后执行：
source ~/.bashrc5.在Mnist运行Lenet
- 获取数据源
./data/mnist/get_mnist.sh
./examples/mnist/create_mnist.sh
- 因为是CPU运行，所以修改在examples文件下的Mnist下的lenet_solver.prototxt中的solver_mode:CPU
solver_mode: CPU- 训练模型
./examples/mnist/train_lenet.sh6.最后，我的文章是基于各位前辈大神们的文章，虽然按他们的过程走我都报错了，但是最终还是帮助我安装成功。为了表示对别人成果的尊重，这里留下大神们的参考链接：
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-09/135034.htm
http://blog.csdn.net/u010402483/article/details/51506616
http://www.cnblogs.com/denny402/p/5679037.html
http://blog.csdn.net/u012029332/article/details/51098248
http://blog.csdn.net/mandagod/article/details/52337434
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