Android内存优化-图片资源

        安卓应用的运行内存不像PC那样富有，虽然java本身也加入了GC垃圾回收机制，但是对内存的优化还是有一定必要的，尤其在一些低配手机上，内存小的问题更突出，OOM也更常见。

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        一个安卓应用项目中，res目录下图片资源占了一大部分，虽然系统对Resource增加了缓存机制，但是仍然还是可以进行一些优化的，这篇文章主要说一下app中res下图片资源的加载过程中可能进行的一些简单优化。

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        安卓控件设置背景，图片资源时一般会调用View#setBackgroundResource(int)和ImageView#setImageResource(int)等方法，

这些方法最终都会通过调用 Resources#getDrawable(int) ,Resources#loadDrawable(TypedValue, int)来加载Drawable资源，而该方法加载图片，颜色，xml资源时，是分开处理的,系统源码如下所示：

1.Drawable#loadDrawable

/*package*/ Drawable loadDrawable(TypedValue value, int id)
            throws NotFoundException {

        if (TRACE_FOR_PRELOAD) {
            // Log only framework resources
            if ((id >>> 24) == 0x1) {
                final String name = getResourceName(id);
                if (name != null) android.util.Log.d("PreloadDrawable", name);
            }
        }

        boolean isColorDrawable = false;
        if (value.type >= TypedValue.TYPE_FIRST_COLOR_INT &&
                value.type <= TypedValue.TYPE_LAST_COLOR_INT) {
            isColorDrawable = true;
        }
        final long key = isColorDrawable ? value.data :
                (((long) value.assetCookie) << 32) | value.data;

        Drawable dr = getCachedDrawable(isColorDrawable ? mColorDrawableCache : mDrawableCache, key);

        if (dr != null) {
            return dr;
        }
        Drawable.ConstantState cs;
        if (isColorDrawable) {
            cs = sPreloadedColorDrawables.get(key);
        } else {
            cs = sPreloadedDrawables[mConfiguration.getLayoutDirection()].get(key);
        }
        if (cs != null) {
            dr = cs.newDrawable(this);
        } else {
            if (isColorDrawable) {
                dr = new ColorDrawable(value.data);
            }

            if (dr == null) {
                if (value.string == null) {
                    throw new NotFoundException(
                            "Resource is not a Drawable (color or path): " + value);
                }

                String file = value.string.toString();

                if (TRACE_FOR_MISS_PRELOAD) {
                    // Log only framework resources
                    if ((id >>> 24) == 0x1) {
                        final String name = getResourceName(id);
                        if (name != null) android.util.Log.d(TAG, "Loading framework drawable #"
                                + Integer.toHexString(id) + ": " + name
                                + " at " + file);
                    }
                }

                if (DEBUG_LOAD) Log.v(TAG, "Loading drawable for cookie "
                        + value.assetCookie + ": " + file);

                if (file.endsWith(".xml")) {
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES, file);
                    try {
                        XmlResourceParser rp = loadXmlResourceParser(
                                file, id, value.assetCookie, "drawable");
                        dr = Drawable.createFromXml(this, rp);
                        rp.close();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES);
                        NotFoundException rnf = new NotFoundException(
                            "File " + file + " from drawable resource ID #0x"
                            + Integer.toHexString(id));
                        rnf.initCause(e);
                        throw rnf;
                    }
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES);

                } else {
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES, file);
                    try {
                        InputStream is = mAssets.openNonAsset(
                                value.assetCookie, file, AssetManager.ACCESS_STREAMING);
        //                System.out.println("Opened file " + file + ": " + is);
                        dr = Drawable.createFromResourceStream(this, value, is,
                                file, null);
                        is.close();
        //                System.out.println("Created stream: " + dr);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES);
                        NotFoundException rnf = new NotFoundException(
                            "File " + file + " from drawable resource ID #0x"
                            + Integer.toHexString(id));
                        rnf.initCause(e);
                        throw rnf;
                    }
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES);
                }
            }
        }

        if (dr != null) {
            dr.setChangingConfigurations(value.changingConfigurations);
            cs = dr.getConstantState();
            if (cs != null) {
                if (mPreloading) {
                    final int changingConfigs = cs.getChangingConfigurations();
                    if (isColorDrawable) {
                        if (verifyPreloadConfig(changingConfigs, 0, value.resourceId,
                                "drawable")) {
                            sPreloadedColorDrawables.put(key, cs);
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (verifyPreloadConfig(changingConfigs,
                                LAYOUT_DIR_CONFIG, value.resourceId, "drawable")) {
                            if ((changingConfigs&LAYOUT_DIR_CONFIG) == 0) {
                                // If this resource does not vary based on layout direction,
                                // we can put it in all of the preload maps.
                                sPreloadedDrawables[0].put(key, cs);
                                sPreloadedDrawables[1].put(key, cs);
                            } else {
                                // Otherwise, only in the layout dir we loaded it for.
                                final LongSparseArray<Drawable.ConstantState> preloads
                                        = sPreloadedDrawables[mConfiguration.getLayoutDirection()];
                                preloads.put(key, cs);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    synchronized (mAccessLock) {
                        //Log.i(TAG, "Saving cached drawable @ #" +
                        //        Integer.toHexString(key.intValue())
                        //        + " in " + this + ": " + cs);
                        if (isColorDrawable) {
                            mColorDrawableCache.put(key, new WeakReference<Drawable.ConstantState>(cs));
                        } else {
                            mDrawableCache.put(key, new WeakReference<Drawable.ConstantState>(cs));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return dr;
    }

        其中，如果是色值，则

            if (isColorDrawable) {
                dr = new ColorDrawable(value.data);
            }

            如果是xml资源，比如按钮背景selector，则最终调用Drawable#createFromXml(Resources, XmlResourceParser)来创建Drawable

if (file.endsWith(".xml")) {
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES, file);
                    try {
                        XmlResourceParser rp = loadXmlResourceParser(
                                file, id, value.assetCookie, "drawable");
                        dr = Drawable.createFromXml(this, rp);
                        rp.close();
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES);
                        NotFoundException rnf = new NotFoundException(
                            "File " + file + " from drawable resource ID #0x"
                            + Integer.toHexString(id));
                        rnf.initCause(e);
                        throw rnf;
                    }
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES);

                } 

        如果是图片资源（jpg，png），则最终调用Drawable#createFromResourceStream(Resources, TypedValue, InputStream, String, Option)来创建Drawable

                if (file.endsWith(".xml")) {
 ... ...               
                 } else {
                    Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES, file);
                    try {
                        InputStream is = mAssets.openNonAsset(
                                value.assetCookie, file, AssetManager.ACCESS_STREAMING);
        //                System.out.println("Opened file " + file + ": " + is);
                        dr = Drawable.createFromResourceStream(this, value, is,
                                file, null);
                        is.close();
        //                System.out.println("Created stream: " + dr);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES);
                        NotFoundException rnf = new NotFoundException(
                            "File " + file + " from drawable resource ID #0x"
                            + Integer.toHexString(id));
                        rnf.initCause(e);
                        throw rnf;
                    }
                    Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_RESOURCES);
                }

        到了这里，着重分析一下，我们也是主要从加载图片这一块来看一下优化思路。

        接下来看一下Drawable#createFromResourceStream(Resources, TypedValue, InputStream, String, Option)方法

2.Drawable#createFromResourceStream(Resources, TypedValue, InputStream, String, Option)

    /**
     * Create a drawable from an inputstream, using the given resources and
     * value to determine density information.
     */
    public static Drawable createFromResourceStream(Resources res, TypedValue value,
            InputStream is, String srcName, BitmapFactory.Options opt