图片引用于百度
简介:定义对象间一对多的依赖关系,当一个对象的状态发生改变时,所有依赖于它的对象都得到通知并被自动更新。
优点:建立一套触发机制,解除了主题和被观察者之间的耦合关系
缺点:如果观察者中包含了很多的被观察者,逐个通知会花费一些时间。观察者和被观察者有循环依赖的话,会造成死循环。观察者模式不会告诉被观察者是怎么发生变化的,被观察者仅仅知道发生了变化
例子背景:某游戏有个8人对战房间,当某人被淘汰时需要通知到其他玩家
观察者模式代码:
- 被观察者抽象类:
#pragma once
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
using namespace std;
class Watcher
{
public:
Watcher() = default;
virtual ~Watcher() = default;
virtual void Update(const string& pl) = 0;
virtual string GetName() = 0;
};
- 被观察者具体类:
#pragma once
#include "Watcher.h"
class Player : public Watcher
{
public:
Player(const string& n) : m_playerName(n) {}
virtual void Update(const string& pl)
{
cout << "玩家" << pl << "被淘汰了" << endl;
}
virtual string GetName()
{
return m_playerName;
}
private:
string m_playerName;
};
- 观察者抽象类:
#pragma once
#include "Watcher.h"
class Watched
{
public:
Watched() = default;
virtual ~Watched() = default;
virtual void AddWatcher(Watcher* watcher) = 0;
virtual void RemoveWatcher(Watcher* watcher) = 0;
virtual void NotifyWatchers() = 0;
};
- 观察者具体类:
#pragma once
#include "Watched.h"
class Transporter : public Watched
{
public:
Transporter() {}
virtual void AddWatcher(Watcher* watcher)
{
m_lstWatcher.push_back(watcher);
}
virtual void RemoveWatcher(Watcher* watcher)
{
m_lstWatcher.remove(watcher);
}
virtual void NotifyWatchers()
{
auto n = m_lstWatcher.back();
m_lstWatcher.pop_back();
for (auto iter : m_lstWatcher)
{
iter->Update(n->GetName());
}
}
private:
list<Watcher*> m_lstWatcher;
};
- 引用:
#include "Transporter.h"
#include "ConcreteObserver.h"
//模拟多人玩家对战 血掉没了就淘汰一个 通知到其他玩家客户端 告诉他们这个人淘汰了
int main()
{
shared_ptr<Transporter> transporter(new Transporter);
shared_ptr<Player> p1(new Player("玩家1"));
shared_ptr<Player> p2(new Player("玩家2"));
shared_ptr<Player> p3(new Player("玩家3"));
shared_ptr<Player> p4(new Player("玩家4"));
transporter->AddWatcher(p1.get());
transporter->AddWatcher(p2.get());
transporter->AddWatcher(p3.get());
transporter->AddWatcher(p4.get());
transporter->NotifyWatchers();
getchar();
return 0;
}
总结:
观察者模式(Observer):降低了目标与观察者之间的耦合关系,两者之间是抽象耦合关系,建立起了一套触发机制
作者:丶梦爱
博客:https://blog.csdn.net/u014732297(转载请说明出处)