Java集合之Map

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-06 08:29:10 发布

uestcxa2014

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-06 08:29:10 发布

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分类专栏： Java集合

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/uestcxa2014/article/details/50098687

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一、综述

Map用来保存具有映射关系的元素，以键值对（key-value）的形式出现。key-value存在意义对应的关系，通过key可以找到唯一的value,所以Map集合中的key不可以重复，key类似于集合中的Set,value值可以重复。Java中Map集合可以类似Set去看，HashMap、LinkedHashMap、TreeMap。Java源码就是在先实现Map 的基础之上，通过让value值为null来实现的Set集合。

二、HashMap常用方法

修饰符与类型	方法与描述
`void`	`clear()` Removes all of the mappings from this map.
`Object`	`clone()` Returns a shallow copy of this `HashMap` instance: the keys and values themselves are not cloned.
`boolean`	`containsKey(Object key)` Returns `true` if this map contains a mapping for the specified key.
`boolean`	`containsValue(Object value)` Returns `true` if this map maps one or more keys to the specified value.
`Set<Map.Entry<K,V>>`	`entrySet()` Returns a `Set` view of the mappings contained in this map.
`V`	`get(Object key)` Returns the value to which the specified key is mapped, or `null` if this map contains no mapping for the key.
`boolean`	`isEmpty()` Returns `true` if this map contains no key-value mappings.
`Set<K>`	`keySet()` Returns a `Set` view of the keys contained in this map.
`V`	`put(K key,V value)` Associates the specified value with the specified key in this map.
`void`	`putAll(Map<? extendsK,? extends V> m)` Copies all of the mappings from the specified map to this map.
`V`	`remove(Object key)` Removes the mapping for the specified key from this map if present.
`int`	`size()` Returns the number of key-value mappings in this map.
`Collection<V>`	`values()` Returns a `Collection` view of the values contained in this map

package ClectionsTest;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

public class MapLearning {

	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    HashMap<Integer,String>  map = new HashMap<Integer,String>();
    map.put(1, "a");
    map.put(2, "b");
    map.put(3, "c");
    map.put(4, "d");
    System.out.println("map集合："+map); //map集合：{1=a, 2=b, 3=c, 4=d}
    System.out.println("value值："+map.get(2)); //value值：b
    System.out.println("key是否包含2："+map.containsKey(2));//key是否包含2：true
    System.out.println("value是否包含d:"+map.containsValue("d"));//value是否包含d:true
    
    /***
     * 输出
     * 1:a
       2:b
       3:c
       4:d
     */
    Set<Entry<Integer, String>> enSet = map.entrySet(); 
    Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> it= enSet.iterator();
    while(it.hasNext())
    {
    	Map.Entry<Integer, String> mapSet = it.next();
    	System.out.println(mapSet.getKey()+":"+mapSet.getValue()); 
    }
    
    
    //输出：1,2,3,4,
    Set<Integer>  keySet  = map.keySet();
    Iterator<Integer> itKeys = keySet.iterator();
    while(itKeys.hasNext())
    {
    System.out.print(itKeys.next()+",");	
    }
    System.out.println();
    
    for(int key:keySet)
    {
    	System.out.print(key+":"+map.get(key)+",");
    }
    System.out.println();
    
    //输出：a,b,c,d,
     Collection<String> values = map.values();
     Iterator<String>  itValues = values.iterator();
     while(itValues.hasNext())
     {
    	 System.out.print(itValues.next()+",");
     }
     

   	}

}

三、HashMap应用Properties，方法对一些配置文件进行操作

修饰符与类型	方法与描述
`String`	`getProperty(String key)` Searches for the property with the specified key in this property list.
`String`	`getProperty(String key,String defaultValue)` Searches for the property with the specified key in this property list.
`void`	`list(PrintStream out)` Prints this property list out to the specified output stream.
`void`	`list(PrintWriter out)` Prints this property list out to the specified output stream.
`void`	`load(InputStream inStream)` Reads a property list (key and element pairs) from the input byte stream.
`void`	`load(Reader reader)` Reads a property list (key and element pairs) from the input character stream in a simple line-oriented format.
`void`	`loadFromXML(InputStream in)` Loads all of the properties represented by the XML document on the specified input stream into this properties table.
`Enumeration<?>`	`propertyNames()` Returns an enumeration of all the keys in this property list, including distinct keys in the default property list if a key of the same name has not already been found from the main properties list.
`void`	`save(OutputStream out,String comments)` Deprecated. This method does not throw an IOException if an I/O error occurs while saving the property list. The preferred way to save a properties list is via the`store(OutputStream out, String comments)` method or the`storeToXML(OutputStream os, String comment)` method.
`Object`	`setProperty(String key,String value)` Calls the `Hashtable` method `put`.
`void`	`store(OutputStream out,String comments)` Writes this property list (key and element pairs) in this `Properties` table to the output stream in a format suitable for loading into a `Properties` table using the `load(InputStream)` method.
`void`	`store(Writer writer,String comments)` Writes this property list (key and element pairs) in this `Properties` table to the output character stream in a format suitable for using the `load(Reader)` method.
`void`	`storeToXML(OutputStream os,String comment)` Emits an XML document representing all of the properties contained in this table.
`void`	`storeToXML(OutputStream os,String comment,String encoding)` Emits an XML document representing all of the properties contained in this table, using the specified encoding.
`Set<String>`	`stringPropertyNames()` Returns a set of keys in this property list where the key and its corresponding value are strings, including distinct keys in the default property list if a key of the same name has not already been found from the main properties list

<span style="font-size:14px;">
</span>

<span style="font-size:14px;"> Properties pop =new Properties();
   pop.setProperty("username", "hhp");
   pop.setProperty("password", "123");
   //存入到properties文件中
	pop.store(new FileOutputStream("D:/workspace/Test/src/configure/config.properties"), "configure test by hhp");

  Properties  pop2= new Properties();
   pop2.setProperty("sid", "hhpDB");
  //添加到properties文件中
	pop2.load(new FileInputStream("D:/workspace/Test/src/configure/config.properties"));

   System.out.println(pop2);
   //相关信息输入到xml文件中
   pop2.storeToXML(new FileOutputStream("D:/workspace/Test/src/configure/config.xml"), "configure test by hhp");</span>