《UNIX/LINUX编程实践教程》实例注释chapt2 - who3

对who2使用缓冲技术.

/*who3.c 从buffer中打印who信息 
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <utmp.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#define SHOWHOST

void showtime(long);
void show_info( struct utmp *);

int main()
{
    struct utmp *utbufp;
    struct utmp *utmp_next();

    if( utmp_open( UTMP_FILE ) == -1 )
    {
        perror( UTMP_FILE );
        exit(1);
    }

    while( (utbufp = utmp_next()) != ((struct utmp *)NULL) )  //utmplib.c utmp_next()的返回值不为NULLUT
        show_info( utbufp );
    utmp_close();

    return 0;
}

void show_info( struct utmp *utbufp)
{
    if( utbufp->ut_type != USER_PROCESS )
        return;
    printf("% -8.8s", utbufp->ut_name);
    printf(" ");
    printf("% -8.8s", utbufp->ut_line);
    printf(" ");
    showtime( utbufp->ut_time );
    printf(" ");
#ifdef SHOWHOST
    printf("(% s)", utbufp->ut_host);
#endif

    printf("\n");
}

void showtime( long timeval )
{
    char *cp;
    cp = ctime(&timeval);
    printf("%12.12s", cp+4);
}

/*utmplib.c 从utmp文件中进行buffer read 
 */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <utmp.h>

#define NRECS 16             //buffer一次读取的utmp数量
#define NULLUT ((struct utmp *)NULL)  //指定NULL为utmp_next的返回值 struct utmp *类型
#define UTSIZE (sizeof(struct utmp))  //utmp结构体大小

static char utmpbuf[NRECS * UTSIZE];    //定义buffer大小
static int num_recs;                    //buffer中实际读取的utmp数量
static int cur_rec;                     //已经打印的utmp数量
static int fd_utmp = -1;

utmp_open( char *filename )   //打开utmp文件
{
    fd_utmp = open( filename, O_RDONLY);
    cur_rec = num_recs = 0;
    return fd_utmp;
}

struct utmp *utmp_next()
{
    struct utmp *recp;
    if( fd_utmp == -1 )
        return NULLUT;
    if( cur_rec == num_recs && utmp_reload() == 0 ) //已经打印数等于实际读取数时，再次reload。如果文件读取完毕时，返回null
        return NULLUT;

    recp = (struct utmp *) &utmpbuf[ cur_rec * UTSIZE];  //逐个返回utmp地址(cur_rec * UTSIZE)
    cur_rec++;
    return recp;  //返回当前指向的buffer的地址
}

int utmp_reload()
{
    int amt_read;
    amt_read = read( fd_utmp, utmpbuf, NRECS * UTSIZE );  //读取16个utmp结构体大小的数据到utmpbuf
    num_recs = amt_read/UTSIZE;              //计算实际读到的utmp数
    cur_rec = 0;                    //重新设置打印数为0
    return num_recs;
}

utmp_close()
{
    if( fd_utmp != -1)   //有打开才关闭
        close( fd_utmp );
}