Ubuntu-Server 环境笔记

常用命令

find . -name "*.txt" -type f -print   打印当前目录及其子目录下的txt文件路径
. : 表示在当前目录下.
-name "*.txt"  :表示查找所有后缀为txt的文件.
-type f:表示文件类型为一般正规文件.
-print:表示将查询结果打印到屏幕上.

find . -name "*.txt" -type f -print -exec rm -rf {} \; 删除前面打印出来的文件

-exec command :command为其他命令，-exec后可再接其他的命令来处理查找到的结果,上式中，{}表示”由find命令查找到的结果“，find所查找到的结果放置到{}位置，-exec一直到”\;“是关键字，表示find额外命令的开始（-exec）到结束（\;），这中间的就是find命令的额外命令，上式中就是 rm -rf.

python -m SimpleHTTPServer 8888    python启动http服务 

tar czvf test.zip my-work/    将my-work目录压缩为test.zip

tar zxvf test.zip  解压test.zip到当前目录，解压出来为my-work文件夹

 

git rebase参考

https://blog.csdn.net/itfootball/article/details/44154121

 

mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true

创建软链接

sudo ln -s /opt/taobao/install/maven-3.2.5/ /opt/taobao/maven

修改软链接

ln -snf 【新目标目录】 【软链接地址】

 

清空文件内容

[log@xxxx-40-5034 /home/log/logs/xxxx]

 

$> xxxx-task.log

 

安装深度应用商店

sudo apt install deepin-appstore

 

启动jar包执行，将日志重定向到log文件，并且在后台执行

java -jar /home/api/xxxx-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar >/home/api/logs/nohup.log 2>&1 & 
 

按应用名杀进程
ps aux | grep Intelligent| grep -v auto | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9


解压缩超大ZIP文件,unzip命令报错
7za x xxx.zip
https://blog.csdn.net/u013911720/article/details/39935983/

压缩/解压缩

sudo tar -zxvf apache-zookeeper-3.7.0-bin.tar.gz -C /usr/lib/zookeeper
unzip xxx.zip

修改文件权限

chmod -R a+r *
### 给所有用户加上指定文件的写权限
sudo chmod a+w sources.list

新建用户

#### 新建admin用户
sudo useradd admin
#### 设置admin用户的密码
sudo passwd admin
#### 给sudoers文件加写权限
chmod u+w /etc/sudoers
#### 修改sudoers文件
vim /etc/sudoers
在root ALL=(ALL) ALL 的下一行添加代码：admin ALL=(ALL) ALL
#### 将sudoers文件改回只读
chmod 440 /etc/sudoers

修改软件源

将 /etc/apt/sources.list 中的地址全部替换成国内地址

参考 Ubuntu 如何更换软件源_疯魔coding君的博客-CSDN博客_ubuntu更换软件源

shang@shang-pc:~$ cd /etc/apt/
shang@shang-pc:/etc/apt$ cat sources.list
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy main restricted
# deb-src https://mirros.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted
# deb-src https://mirros.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu jammy-updates main restricted

安装MySQL

shang@shang-pc:/etc$ apt-cache search mysql
mysql-client - MySQL database client (metapackage depending on the latest version)
mysql-client-8.0 - MySQL database client binaries
mysql-client-core-8.0 - MySQL database core client binaries
mysql-common - MySQL database common files, e.g. /etc/mysql/my.cnf
mysql-server - MySQL database server (metapackage depending on the latest version)
mysql-server-8.0 - MySQL database server binaries and system database setup
mysql-server-core-8.0 - MySQL database server binaries
shang@shang-pc:/etc$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server-8.0
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
....

通过日志查看密码，发现root用户竟然是空密码

shang@shang-pc:/var/log/mysql$ grep password error.log
2022-09-24T01:41:30.221737Z 6 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

mysql8取消了PASSWORD()函数
故应使用如下方式修改root密码：
UPDATE user SET authentication_string="" WHERE user="root";

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
flush privileges  ### 刷新权限表，使密码生效
 

修改MySQL配置接受来自任意IP的连接

/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d

bind-address            = 0.0.0.0

重启MySQL服务  service mysql restart

使用sudo mysql 进入mysql

shang@shang-pc:~$ sudo mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 17
Server version: 8.0.30-0ubuntu0.22.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.


mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'Shang@2022';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

### 修密码
mysql> ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed

mysql> select host, user from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
| localhost | root             |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

### 使root用户能接收来自任意IP的连接
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> select host, user from user;
+-----------+------------------+
| host      | user             |
+-----------+------------------+
| %         | root             |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema |
| localhost | mysql.session    |
| localhost | mysql.sys        |
+-----------+------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

参考 Ubuntu 安装 Mysql server_白月蓝山的博客-CSDN博客_ubuntu安装mysql-server

忘记MySQL密码

[mysqld]
port=13306
#bind-address=127.0.0.1
bind-address=0.0.0.0
basedir = /data/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/data
### 在配置文件中加上这个，然后重启MySQL服务
skip-grant-tables

此时不用密码可以直接登录MySQL

mysql -uroot -P 13306

flush privileges;
alter user "root"@"%" identified by "123456";
flush privileges;

退出MySQL，重启MySQL服务后，即可用新密码登录MySQL

 导出数据到文件 mysqldump -u root -p lawyer > backup20231112.sql

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安装JDK

shang@shang-pc:~$ apt-cache search openjdk
openjdk-17-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-18-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-8-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-8-jdk-headless - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) (headless)
shang@shang-pc:~$ sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk

完成后使用 java -version 查看版本

#### 配置环境变量
[root@iZuf66np9geqcisgpw1rz3Z java-1.8.0-openjdk]# vim /etc/profile

#### 在其中加入以下配置
# set java environment
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JAVA_HOME  CLASSPATH  PATH

#### 使配置立即生效
[root@iZuf66np9geqcisgpw1rz3Z java-1.8.0-openjdk]# source /etc/profile

---

安装Nginx

参考 ubuntu上使用源码编译安装nginx - 知乎

---

定时任务

shang@shang-pc:~$ cat vim /etc/crontab
cat: vim: No such file or directory
# /etc/crontab: system-wide crontab
# Unlike any other crontab you don't have to run the `crontab'
# command to install the new version when you edit this file
# and files in /etc/cron.d. These files also have username fields,
# that none of the other crontabs do.

SHELL=/bin/sh
# You can also override PATH, but by default, newer versions inherit it from the environment
#PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

# Example of job definition:
# .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
# |  .------------- hour (0 - 23)
# |  |  .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
# |  |  |  .------- month (1 - 12) OR jan,feb,mar,apr ...
# |  |  |  |  .---- day of week (0 - 6) (Sunday=0 or 7) OR sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat
# |  |  |  |  |
# *  *  *  *  * user-name command to be executed
17 *    * * *   root    cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.hourly
25 6    * * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.daily )
47 6    * * 7   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.weekly )
52 6    1 * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/anacron || ( cd / && run-parts --report /etc/cron.monthly )
#凌晨2:01关机
01 2    * * *   root    /sbin/shutdown -h now

设置好之后，执行 sudo service cron restart 重启crontab服务

如果想开启syslog记录cron日志，需要编辑/etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf，去掉cron前的#

---

开机自动执行脚本

shang@shang-pc:/etc$ cat /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh

/home/shang/restart-neighbor-group-service.sh

exit 0

在/lib/systemd/system/rc-local.service中配置了服务，系统启动时将执行/etc/rc.local中的内容

需要注意，开机启动时，是以root用户来执行rc.local中的内容的

---

Ubuntu-server修改时间格式为24H格式

### 加上LC_TIME这行即可
shang@shang-pc:~$ cat /etc/default/locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_TIME=en_DK.UTF-8

---

Logbak时间格式显示为24H格式

<!-- 在日志格式配置后添加“CTT”或“GMT+8” -->
<pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS,GMT+8} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
     <charset>UTF-8</charset> <!-- 此处设置字符集 -->
</encoder>

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SSH提示

Unable to negotiate with 192.168.17.207 port 22: no matching host key type found. Their offer: ssh-rsa

 openssh觉得ssh-rsa加密方式不安全, 直接从8.8开始默认不允许这种密钥用于登陆了

加上如下参数即可

ssh -oHostKeyAlgorithms=+ssh-rsa root@192.168.17.207
 

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SSH端口转发

将本机65002端口接收到的任意来源连接转发到172.16.34.179的80端口

ssh -L <本地ip>:<本地端口>:<目标ip>:<目标端口> 用户名@<ssh机器IP> -p <ssh机器端口>

root@iZuf65wxtpyt99pkmrsg2uZ:~# ssh -fCNL  *:65002:localhost:80 root@172.16.34.179
root@iZuf65wxtpyt99pkmrsg2uZ:~# netstat -tunlp |grep 65002
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:65002           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1718952/ssh
tcp6       0      0 :::65002                :::*                    LISTEN      1718952/ssh

注意上面netstat结果中的65002前面为0.0.0.0表示接收任意来源的链接，如果前面为127.0.0.1则只接收来自本机的连接

-C 压缩传输，增加传输的效率
-f 将SSH传输放在后台执行
-N 建立静默连接，就是建立了连接(不执行登录shell)
-g 复用访问时作为网关，支持多主机访问本地侦听端口
-L 本地端口转发
-R 远程端口转发
-D 动态转发
-P 指定SSH的端口