在本章中,将学习如何使用用户名和密码创建经过身份验证的HttpRequest
,并使用示例将其通过代理隧道传送到目标主机。
第1步 - 创建CredentialsProvider对象CredentialsProvider
接口维护一个集合以保存用户登录凭据。可以通过实例化BasicCredentialsProvider
类(此接口的默认实现)来创建其对象。
CredentialsProvider credentialsPovider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
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第2步 - 设置凭据
可以使用setCredentials()
方法将所需凭据设置为CredentialsProvider
对象。这个方法接受两个对象 -
- AuthScope对象 - 验证范围,指定主机名,端口号和验证方案名称等详细信息。
- Credentials对象 - 指定凭据(用户名,密码)。使用
setCredentials()
方法为主机和代理设置凭据,如下所示。
credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("example.com", 80), new
UsernamePasswordCredentials("user", "mypass"));
credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("localhost", 8000), new
UsernamePasswordCredentials("abc", "passwd"));
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第3步 - 创建一个HttpClientBuilder对象
使用HttpClients
类的custom()
方法创建一个HttpClientBuilder
,如下所示 -
//Creating the HttpClientBuilder
HttpClientBuilder clientbuilder = HttpClients.custom();
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第4步 - 设置CredentialsProvider
可以使用setDefaultCredentialsProvider()
方法将CredentialsProvider
对象设置为HttpClientBuilder
对象。将先前创建的CredentialsProvider
对象传递给此方法。
clientbuilder = clientbuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credsProvider);
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第5步 - 构建CloseableHttpClient
使用build()
方法构建CloseableHttpClient
对象。
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = clientbuilder.build();
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第6步 - 创建代理和目标主机
通过实例化HttpHost类来创建目标和代理主机。
//Creating the target and proxy hosts
HttpHost target = new HttpHost("example.com", 80, "http");
HttpHost proxy = new HttpHost("localhost", 8000, "http");
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第7步 - 设置代理并构建RequestConfig对象
使用custom()
方法创建RequestConfig.Builder
对象。使用setProxy()
方法将先前创建的proxyHost
对象设置为RequestConfig.Builder
。最后,使用build()
方法构建RequestConfig
对象。
RequestConfig.Builder reqconfigconbuilder= RequestConfig.custom();
reqconfigconbuilder = reqconfigconbuilder.setProxy(proxyHost);
RequestConfig config = reqconfigconbuilder.build();
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第8步 - 创建一个HttpGet请求对象并为其设置配置对象。
通过实例化HttpGet类来创建HttpGet对象。使用setConfig()
方法将上一步中创建的配置对象设置为此对象。
//Create the HttpGet request object
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("/");
//Setting the config to the request
httpget.setConfig(config);
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第9步 - 执行请求
通过将HttpHost对象(目标)和请求(HttpGet)作为参数传递给execute()
方法来执行请求。
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(targetHost, httpget);
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示例
以下示例演示了如何使用用户名和密码通过代理执行HTTP请求。
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
public class ProxyAuthenticationExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//Creating the CredentialsProvider object
CredentialsProvider credsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
//Setting the credentials
credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("example.com", 80),
new UsernamePasswordCredentials("user", "mypass"));
credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("localhost", 8000),
new UsernamePasswordCredentials("abc", "passwd"));
//Creating the HttpClientBuilder
HttpClientBuilder clientbuilder = HttpClients.custom();
//Setting the credentials
clientbuilder = clientbuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credsProvider);
//Building the CloseableHttpClient object
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = clientbuilder.build();
//Create the target and proxy hosts
HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost("example.com", 80, "http");
HttpHost proxyHost = new HttpHost("localhost", 8000, "http");
//Setting the proxy
RequestConfig.Builder reqconfigconbuilder= RequestConfig.custom();
reqconfigconbuilder = reqconfigconbuilder.setProxy(proxyHost);
RequestConfig config = reqconfigconbuilder.build();
//Create the HttpGet request object
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("/");
//Setting the config to the request
httpget.setConfig(config);
//Printing the status line
HttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(targetHost, httpget);
System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
}
}
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执行上面示例代码,得到以下结果:
HTTP/1.1 200 OK