Groovy笔记(二)之字符串

字符串

1. groovy不区分""和'' ,都是字符串String类的实例。如果要创建一个字符'a' as char

2. groovy会把使用单引号创建的String作为一个常量，如果里面放了任何表达式，Groovy并不会计算它们

3. java的字符串是不可变的，Groovy的字符串也同样，一旦创建一个字符串实例，就不能修改

4. Groovy支持惰性求值，即把一个表达式存在一个字符串中，稍后打印。Groovy并不会简单地因为使用双引号或者正斜杠就创建一个GString实例，它会只能地分析字符串，以确定该字符串是否可以使用一个简单的普通String

       class StringTest {
           public static void main(String[] args) {
               def value = 25
               //输出: this is value 25
               println "this is value ${value}"
               //输出:this is value ${value}
               println 'this is value ${value}'
               //输出:this is "value"
               println 'this is "value" '
       
       
               def str = 'JANNAL'
               def str2 = "JANNAL"
               //输出:java.lang.String
               println str.getClass().name
               println str2.getClass().name
       
               //可以通过[]操作符读取，输出N
               println str[3]
               try {
                   //尝试修改字符，会抛出异常
                   str[3] = 'k'
               } catch (ex) {
                   println ex
               }
       
       
               def username = new StringBuilder("jannal")
               def text = "My name is $username"
               //输出:My name is jannal
               println text
               //输出:org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.GStringImpl
               println text.getClass().name
       
           }
       }
   
   
   

GString

1. 多行字符串使用’’’***’’’

       //多行字符串
       
       def line = '''
       aaaaa
       bbbbb
       ccccc
       '''
       println line
       //java.lang.String
       println line.getClass().name
   
   

2. 惰性求值:当一个GString实例求值时，如果其中包含一个变量，该变量的值就简单的打印到一个Writer，通常是一个StringWriter。如果GString包含一个闭包，则闭包就会被调用.如果闭包接收一个参数，GString会把Writer对象当做一个参数发送给它。如果闭包没有任何参数，GString会简单调用该闭包，并打印我们想返回给Writer的结果。如果闭包接收的参数不止一个，则调用失败，抛出异常

       price = 6000
       company = 'Google'
       quote = "Today $company stock closed at $price"
       //输出结果:Today Google stock closed at 6000
       println quote
       
       
       stocks = [Apple: 7000, Microsoft: 9000]
       /**
        * 输出结果
        * Today Google stock closed at 6000
        * Today Google stock closed at 6000
        * 不能修改Gstring所绑定的内容
        */
       stocks.each { key, value ->
           company = key
           price = value
           println quote
       }
       
       /**
        * 输出:
        * Today Apple stock closed at 7000
        * Today Microsoft stock closed at 9000
        */
       companyClosure={it.write(company)}
       //companyClosure={->company} 与上面等价
       
       priceClosure={it.write("$price")}
       //priceClosure={->price} 与上面等价
       quote = "Today ${companyClosure} stock closed at ${priceClosure}"
       
       stocks.each { key, value ->
           company = key
           price = value
           println quote
       }
       
       
       //使用闭包解决(闭包没有任何参数可以省略it)
       quote = "Today ${-> company} stock closed at ${-> price}"
       /**
        * 输出:
        * Today Apple stock closed at 7000
        * Today Microsoft stock closed at 9000
        */
       stocks.each { key, value ->
           company = key
           price = value
           println quote
       }