Head First C# 实验室 赛狗日

话说这是第一次用Markdown编辑器，代码的高亮方式好奇怪，谁来帮帮我？

本人正在新学C#，这是Head First C# （第二版）的第一个实验，要求写一个模拟赛狗的程序（为什么是赛狗而不是赛马 =_=）。题目我就不多介绍了，因为我假定你已经知道题目了，要不然你也不会来看这篇博客。

首先来一张程序的界面

这个程序需要自己创建三个类，Greyhound，Guy，和Bet，要搞清楚这三个类分别是干什么的。

Greyhound就是狗啦，它主要用来控制四条狗的位置。其中TakeStartingPosition()是将狗放回起点位置；而Run()则是让狗移动，类型为bool，如果这条狗到达了终点，就返回true。在后面的使用中，要用一个数组来放四条狗。狗每跑一步，都要检测Run()的返回值，一旦为true了，就结束比赛，同时把当前这条狗记为冠军。

Guy类是人，下注的人。而Bet类则表示一个下注。这两个类有些麻烦，因为Guy类中包含一个Bet类字段MyBet，而Bet类中也包含一个Guy类字段Bettor，真是晕。让我来慢慢解释。

首先Guy类，它包含字段Name，Cash，分别指人的名字以及他所拥有 的现金，而MyBet则表示一次下注。如果他还没有下注，则MyBet=null；如果他下了注，MyBet类就会引用一个Bet类实例。另外MyRadioButton和MyLabel分别为了引用界面上的RadioButton和Label标签。Guy类的几个方法，UpdateLabels()就是更新界面上显示的信息的；PlaceBet()就是让MyBet新建一个实例，表示这个下注了；相反，ClearBet()则是把MyBet引用的内容释放掉，在C#中只要让MyBet=null就可以了，终于不需要C++里的delete了；最后的Collect()方法，就是根据这个人是赢了还是输了来改变他的现金Cash。

至于Bet类，它并不是指某一样东西，而是指一件事情，即下注。所以它有字段Amount和Dog，分别下注的金额以及押的狗的编号。而它包含一个Guy类Bettor，这是指这个注是谁下的。例如，假设已经有了一个实例化的Guy类叫Joe，然后Joe下了一个注，为了方便，给这个“注”取个名字叫Bet1（我随便取的名字），那么就有这样一种关系

Joe.MyBet = Bet1;
Bet1.Bettor = Joe;

上面的只是关系示例，只是为了搞明白关系，具体代码中是没Bet1这种名字的。Joe下注这个操作写成代码是 Joe.PlaceBet()，这里面的实现代码是Joe.MyBet = new Bet(); 当然，要加上参数Amount和Dog，我这里省略了。然后再让MyBet.Bettor = this。其中的this在这里就是指Joe。在C#里可以用列表初始化类，所以在这个PlaceBet()方法里可以直接写成

MyBet = new Bet { Amount = Amount, Dog = Dog, Bettor = this };

Bet里的GetDescription()方法，是返回一个字符串描述，指出是谁在下注，他押的是哪条狗。而PayOut(int Winner)方法，如果Winner等于当前Bet实例里的Dog，表示押中了，就返回Amount，否则返回-Amount，这是为了给Guy类的Collect()方法调用的。

下面是Greyhound类的代码：

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Drawing;

namespace DogRace
{
    class Greyhound
    {
        public int StartingPosition = 12;       //Where my PictureBox starts
        public int RacetrackLength = 525;       //How long the racetrack is
        public PictureBox MyPictureBox = null;      //My PictureBox object
        public int Location = 0;        //My Location on the racetrack
        public Random Randomizer;       //An instance fo Random

        public bool Run()
        {
            /* Move forward either 1, 2, 3 or 4 spaces at random
             * Update the position of my PictureBox on the form
             * Return true if I won the race
             */
            Point p = MyPictureBox.Location;
            p.X += Randomizer.Next(20);
            MyPictureBox.Location = p;

            Location = p.X - StartingPosition;
            if (Location >= RacetrackLength)
            {
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        public void TakeStartingPosition()
        {
            //Reset my location to the start line
            Point p = MyPictureBox.Location;
            p.X = StartingPosition;
            MyPictureBox.Location = p;
        }
    }
}

Guy类的代码：

using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace DogRace
{
    class Guy
    {
        public string Name;     //The guy's name
        public Bet MyBet;       //An instance of Bet() that has his bet
        public int Cash;        //How much cash he has

        //The last two fields are the guy's GUI controls on the form
        public RadioButton MyRadioButton;   //My RadioButton
        public Label MyLabel;   //My Label

        public void UpdateLabels()
        {
            //Set my label to my bet's description, and the label on my radio button to show my cash ("Joe has 43 bucks")
            if (MyBet != null)
            {
                MyLabel.Text = MyBet.GetDescription();
            }
            else
            {
                MyLabel.Text = Name + " hasn't placed a bet";
            }

            MyRadioButton.Text = Name + " has " + Cash + " bucks";
        }

        //Reset my bet so it's zero
        public void ClearBet()
        {
            MyBet = null;
            UpdateLabels();
        }

        public bool PlaceBet(int Amount, int Dog)
        {
            //Place a new bet and store it in my bet field
            //Return true if the guy had enough money to bet
            if (Amount <= Cash && Amount > 0)
            {
                MyBet = new Bet { Amount = Amount, Dog = Dog, Bettor = this };
                return true;
            }
            else
            {
                return false;
            }
        }

        public void Collect(int Winner)
        {
            //Ask my bet to pay out
            Cash += MyBet.PayOut(Winner);
        }
    }
}

Bet类的代码：

namespace DogRace
{
    class Bet
    {
        public int Amount;      //The amount of cash that was bet
        public int Dog;         //The number of the dog the bet is on
        public Guy Bettor;      //The guy who placed the bet

        public string GetDescription()
        {
            //Return a string that says who placed the bet, how much cash was bet, and which dog he bet on ("Joe bets 8 on dog #4"). If the amount is zero, no bet was placed ("Joe hasn't placed a bet").
            if (Amount > 0)
            {
                return Bettor.Name + " bets " + Amount + " on dog #" + Dog;
            }
            else
            {
                return Bettor.Name + " hasn't placed a bet";
            }
        }

        public int PayOut(int Winner)
        {
            //The parameter is the winner of the race. If the dog won, return the amount bet. Otherwise, return the negative of the amount bet.
            if (Winner == Dog)
            {
                return Amount;
            }
            else
            {
                return -Amount;
            }
        }
    }
}

然后是界面的代码，我用的名字还是Form1.....

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace DogRace
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        Greyhound[] dogs;
        Guy[] bettors;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            Random random = new Random();
            dogs = new Greyhound[4]
            {
                new Greyhound() {MyPictureBox=pictureBox0, Randomizer=random },
                new Greyhound() {MyPictureBox=pictureBox1, Randomizer=random },
                new Greyhound() {MyPictureBox=pictureBox2, Randomizer=random },
                new Greyhound() {MyPictureBox=pictureBox3, Randomizer=random }
            };

            bettors = new Guy[3]
            {
                new Guy() {Name="Joe", Cash=50, MyLabel=lblJoeBet, MyRadioButton=radioJoe },
                new Guy() {Name="Bob", Cash=75, MyLabel=lblBobBet, MyRadioButton=radioBob },
                new Guy() {Name="Al",  Cash=45, MyLabel=lblAlBet,  MyRadioButton=radioAl }
            };

            foreach (var guy in bettors)
            {
                guy.UpdateLabels();
            }
        }

        private void radioJoe_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            labName.Text = "Joe";
            numericUpDown1.Maximum = bettors[0].Cash;
        }

        private void radioBob_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            labName.Text = "Bob";
            numericUpDown1.Maximum = bettors[1].Cash;
        }

        private void radioAl_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            labName.Text = "Al";
            numericUpDown1.Maximum = bettors[2].Cash;
        }

        private void btnBets_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            foreach (var bettor in bettors)
            {
                if (bettor.MyRadioButton.Checked)
                {
                    bettor.PlaceBet((int)numericUpDown1.Value, (int)numericUpDown2.Value);
                    bettor.UpdateLabels();
                }
            }
        }

        private void btnRace_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //先检查是否所有人都下注
            bool allGuysBet = true;
            foreach (var bettor in bettors)
            {
                if (bettor.MyBet == null)
                {
                    allGuysBet = false;
                }
            }
            if (!allGuysBet)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Someone hasn't bet");
                return;
            }


            //如果都下注，就开始比赛
            this.btnRace.Enabled = false;
            this.btnBets.Enabled = false;

            bool hasAWinner = false;
            int winner = -1;
            while (!hasAWinner)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
                {
                    hasAWinner = dogs[i].Run();
                    if (hasAWinner)
                    {
                        winner = i + 1;
                        MessageBox.Show("dog #" + winner + " win!");
                        break;
                    }
                    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(20);
                    Application.DoEvents();
                }
            }

            //比赛结束，统计结果并将狗复位
            foreach (var bettor in bettors)
            {
                bettor.Collect(winner);
                bettor.ClearBet();
                bettor.UpdateLabels();
            }

            foreach (var dog in dogs)
            {
                dog.TakeStartingPosition();
            }

            this.btnRace.Enabled = true;
            this.btnBets.Enabled = true;

        }
    }
}

至于界面设计部分的代码，我就不放了，太长了，并不是重点。

更新：我把完整的代码放在了我的Github上，欢迎访问 DogRace