ping 127.0.0.1 > /dev/null
使用linux的人对于/dev/null这个设备并不会陌生,通常用于将程序的输出信息扔掉,如果不指定>/dev/null,将会输出到当前控制台,那么它是如何实现的呢?
这里我们不讲Libc里面管道等等知识,直接定位到 linux内核。
/dev/null是一个字符型设备,它的驱动代码位于 drivers/char/mem.c中
了解驱动编程的人看下面的结构体都知道,file_operations 对应的是libc中read write llseek等函数在驱动中的实现。
static const struct file_operations null_fops = {
.llseek = null_lseek,
.read = read_null,
.write = write_null,
.read_iter = read_iter_null,
.write_iter = write_iter_null,
.splice_write = splice_write_null,
};
static const struct memdev {
const char *name;
umode_t mode;
const struct file_operations *fops;
fmode_t fmode;
} devlist[] = {
#ifdef CONFIG_DEVMEM
[1] = { "mem", 0, &mem_fops, FMODE_UNSIGNED_OFFSET },
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DEVKMEM
[2] = { "kmem", 0, &kmem_fops, FMODE_UNSIGNED_OFFSET },
#endif
[3] = { "null", 0666, &null_fops, 0 },
#ifdef CONFIG_DEVPORT
[4] = { "port", 0, &port_fops, 0 },
#endif
[5] = { "zero", 0666, &zero_fops, 0 },
[7] = { "full", 0666, &full_fops, 0 },
[8] = { "random", 0666, &random_fops, 0 },
[9] = { "urandom", 0666, &urandom_fops, 0 },
#ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
[11] = { "kmsg", 0644, &kmsg_fops, 0 },
#endif
};
外部进行读取的时候,会调用read_null函数,此处直接返回读取的长度是0,什么也没读到。
外部write写入时, 会调用到write_null 此处直接返回count,外部传递过来的buf直接无视。
也就相当于是把写入的数据扔掉了。
static ssize_t read_null(struct file *file, char __user *buf,
size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
return 0;
}
static ssize_t write_null(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
return count;
}
代码链接:
mem.c - drivers/char/mem.c - Linux source code (v4.4) - Bootlin