Python学习8-10.1-10.7 调试

本文为学习python编程时所记录的笔记，仅供学习交流使用。

10.1 抛出异常

>>> raise Exception('This is the error message.')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, in <module>
    raise Exception('This is the error message.')
Exception: This is the error message.

boxPrint.py

def boxPrint(symbol,width,height):
    if len(symbol)!=1:
        raise Exception('Symbol must be a single character string.')
    if width<=2:
        raise Exception('Width must be greater than 2.')
    if height<=2:
        raise Exception('Height must be greater than 2.')
    print(symbol * width)
    for i in range(height-2):
        print(symbol+(' '*(width-2))+symbol)
    print(symbol*width)

for sym,w,h in (('*',4,4),('0',20,5),('x',1,3),('zz',3,3)):
    try:
        boxPrint(sym,w,h)
    except Exception as err:
        print('An excepiton happened:'+str(err))
        
    

10.2 取得反向跟踪的字符串

def spam():
    bacon()
def bacon():
    raise Exception('This is the error message.')

spam()

>>> 
 RESTART: C:/Users/VECTOR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python37/errorExample.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/VECTOR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python37/errorExample.py", line 6, in <module>
    spam()
  File "C:/Users/VECTOR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python37/errorExample.py", line 2, in spam
    bacon()
  File "C:/Users/VECTOR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python37/errorExample.py", line 4, in bacon
    raise Exception('This is the error message.')
Exception: This is the error message.
>>> 

>>> import traceback
>>> try:
	raise Exception('This is the error message.')
except:
	errorFile=open('errorInfo.txt','w')
	errorFile.write(traceback.format_exc())
	errorFile.close()
	print('The traceback info was written to errorInfo.txt')

	
115
The traceback info was written to errorInfo.txt

10.3 断言

>>> podBayDoorStatus='open'
>>> assert podBayDoorStatus=='open','The pod bay doors need to be "open".'
>>> podBayDoorStatus='I\'m sorry,Dave.I\'m afraid I cant'
>>> assert podBayDoorStatus=='open','The pod bay doors need to be "open".'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#13>", line 1, in <module>
    assert podBayDoorStatus=='open','The pod bay doors need to be "open".'
AssertionError: The pod bay doors need to be "open".

10.3.1 在交通灯模拟中使用断言

10.4 日志

10.4.1 使用日志模块

import logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,format='%(asctime)s-%(levelname)s-%(message)s')
logging.debug('Start of program')

def factorial(n):
    logging.debug('Start of factorial(%s%%)'%(n))
    total=1
    for i in range(1,n+1):
        total*=i
        logging.debug('i is '+str(i)+', total is '+str(total))
    logging.debug('End of factorial(%s%%)'%(n))
    return total

print(factorial(5))
logging.debug('End of program')

>>> 
 RESTART: C:/Users/VECTOR/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python37/factorialLog.py 
2020-02-18 13:33:29,550-DEBUG-Start of program
2020-02-18 13:33:29,571-DEBUG-Start of factorial(5%)
2020-02-18 13:33:29,576-DEBUG-i is 1, total is 1
2020-02-18 13:33:29,579-DEBUG-i is 2, total is 2
2020-02-18 13:33:29,581-DEBUG-i is 3, total is 6
2020-02-18 13:33:29,595-DEBUG-i is 4, total is 24
2020-02-18 13:33:29,609-DEBUG-i is 5, total is 120
2020-02-18 13:33:29,620-DEBUG-End of factorial(5%)
120
2020-02-18 13:33:29,646-DEBUG-End of program

10.4.2 不要用print()调试

logging.disable(logging.CRITICAL)

10.4.3 日志级别

级别	日志函数	描述
DEBUG	logging.debug()	最低级别，用于小细节，通常只有在诊断问题时，你才关心这些消息
INFO	logging.info()	用于记录程序中一般事件的信息，或确认一切工作正常
WARNING	logging.warning()	用于表示可能的问题，它不会阻止程序的工作，但将来可能会
ERROR	logging.error()	用于记录错误，它将导致程序做某事失败
CRITICAL	logging.critical()	最高级别，用于表示致命的错误，它导致或将要导致程序完全停止工作

10.4.4 禁用日志

10.4.5 将日志记录到文件

import logging
#logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,format='%(asctime)s-%(levelname)s-%(message)s')
logging.basicConfig(filename='factoriallLog.txt',level=logging.DEBUG,format='%(asctime)s-%(levelname)s-%(message)s')
logging.debug('Start of program')

def factorial(n):
    logging.debug('Start of factorial(%s)'%(n))
    total=1
    for i in range(1,n+1):
        total*=i
        logging.debug('i is '+str(i)+', total is '+str(total))
    logging.debug('End of factorial(%s)'%(n))
    return total

print(factorial(5))
logging.debug('End of program')

10.5 IDLE的调试器

GO 程序正常执行至终止，或到达一个断点
Step 将导致调试器执行下一行代码，然后再次暂停
Over 执行下一行代码，与step类似，但是跨过函数
Out 全速执行代码行，直至它从当前函数返回
Quit 完全停止调试

print('Enter the first number to add:')
first=input()
print('Enter the sencond number to add:')
second=input()
print('Enter the third number to add:')
third=input()
print('The sum is '+first+second+third)

10.5.7 断点

断点可以设置在特定代码行上，当程序执行到达该行时，它迫使调试器暂停。

内容来源

[1] [美]斯维加特(Al Sweigart).Python编程快速上手——让繁琐工作自动化[M]. 王海鹏译.北京：人民邮电出版社，2016.7.p174-188