IPv6 extension header

• RFC 3542 - Advanced Sockets Application Program Interface (API) for IPv6
• RFC 2460 (Obsoleted: Dec 1998 - Jul 2017, 39 pages)

---

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/udp.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/ip6.h>

#define DST_ADDR "fd15:4ba5:5a2b:1008:fca0:35d5:6520:4620"

#define OPT_X  'X'
#define OPT_Y  'Y'

static int init_ipv6_extension(void)
{
	void *extbuf;
	socklen_t extlen;
	int currentlen;
	void *databuf;
	int offset;
	uint8_t value1;
	uint16_t value2;
	uint32_t value4;
	uint64_t value8;
	
	/* Estimate the length */
	currentlen = inet6_opt_init(NULL, 0);
	if (currentlen == -1)
		return (-1);

	currentlen = inet6_opt_append(NULL, 0, currentlen, IP6OPT_TYPE('X'), 12, 8, NULL);
	if (currentlen == -1)
		return (-1);

	currentlen = inet6_opt_append(NULL, 0, currentlen, IP6OPT_TYPE('Y'), 7, 4, NULL);
	if (currentlen == -1)
		return (-1);

	currentlen = inet6_opt_finish(NULL, 0, currentlen);
	if (currentlen == -1)
		return (-1);

	extlen = currentlen;
	extbuf = malloc(extlen);
	if (extbuf == NULL) {
		perror("malloc");
		return (-1);
	}

	currentlen = inet6_opt_init(extbuf, extlen);
	if (currentlen == -1)
		return (-1);

	currentlen = inet6_opt_append(extbuf, extlen, currentlen, IP6OPT_TYPE('X'), 12, 8, &databuf);
	if (currentlen == -1)
		return (-1);

	/* Insert value 0x12345678 for 4-octet field */
	offset = 0;
	value4 = 0x12345678;
	offset = inet6_opt_set_val(databuf, offset, &value4, sizeof (value4));

	/* Insert value 0x0102030405060708 for 8-octet field */
	value8 = 0x0102030405060708;
	offset = inet6_opt_set_val(databuf, offset, &value8, sizeof (value8));

	currentlen = inet6_opt_append(extbuf, extlen, currentlen, IP6OPT_TYPE('Y'), 7, 4, &databuf);
	if (currentlen == -1)
		return (-1);

	/* Insert value 0x01 for 1-octet field */
	offset = 0;
	value1 = 0x01;
	offset = inet6_opt_set_val(databuf, offset, &value1, sizeof (value1));
	
	/* Insert value 0x1331 for 2-octet field */
	value2 = 0x1331;
	offset = inet6_opt_set_val(databuf, offset, &value2, sizeof (value2));

	/* Insert value 0x01020304 for 4-octet field */
	value4 = 0x01020304;
	offset = inet6_opt_set_val(databuf, offset, &value4, sizeof (value4));

	currentlen = inet6_opt_finish(extbuf, extlen, currentlen);
	if (currentlen == -1)
		return (-1);

	/* extbuf and extlen are now completely formatted */
}
		   
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int  num, sd;
	static struct sockaddr_in6 remote;

	remote.sin6_family = PF_INET6;
	remote.sin6_port = htons (12345);
	inet_pton(AF_INET6, DST_ADDR, &remote.sin6_addr);

    sd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, SOL_UDP);
    if (sd < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot create socket: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        abort();
    }

	init_ipv6_extension();

    num = sendto(sd, "1234567890", (size_t) 10, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&remote, sizeof(remote));
    if (num < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot send message:  %s\n", strerror(errno));
        abort();
    }
    return (0);
}