《翻译漫谈》笔记之4 as的理解和翻译

as作代词

引导定语从句有两个意思
1. 等同于that, who, which
2. 表示a fact that

as作介词

表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系，翻译为‘正如/如同’
his face was as a mask

as作连词

as引导定语从句

既可以引导限定性定语从句，又可以引导非限定性定语从句。区分方法：as引导定语从句时在从句中做成分，通常做主语或宾语。

1. as引导限定性定语从句

从句所修饰的名词前有such、the same、as出现，后面的定语从句将由as引导，形成such…as，the same…as，as…as这样的固定结构，译为“和……一样”。

1. I never heard such stories as he told.我从未听过他所讲的那样的故事
2. He’ll repeat such questions as are discussed in the book.他将重复书中讨论过的问题。
3. They made the same mistake as others would have made on such an occasion.他们犯了和其他人在这种场合下会犯的同样错误

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2. as引导非限定性定语从句

往往指代一整句话，通常表示“正如”的意思，从句位置相对比较灵活，可以位于先行词之前、之后或中间。

As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth.众所周知，月亮绕着地球转

as引导状语从句

1. 时间

多用于口语，强调“同一时间”或“一先一后”，有时还有“随着”的含义。

As I was going out, it began to rain.当我出门时，开始下雨了
As time goes on, he will understand what I said.随着时间的推移，他会理解我所讲的话。

2. 原因

as表示“因为”，与because相比，较口语化，所表达的原因语气较弱，所表的原因比较明显，或是已知的事实

As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.因为天气太糟糕，我们不得不推迟旅行。
Any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum.任何新型能源都将大受欢迎，因为石油已经出现短缺

3. 方式

as表示“按照”，“以……方式”，“像……一样”，“正如”，还常出现在一个固定的类比结构中：(just) as …, so…。这一句型表示类比，基本含义是“正如……，所以……”

Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 入乡随俗
Just as virtue is its own reward, so is vice its own punishment.善有善报，恶有恶报

4. 让步

as可以表示“尽管”，“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，但必须构成倒装
Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you.我尽管很喜欢你，却不能和你在一起生活
Child as he is, he knows to help others.尽管他是个孩子，他懂得帮助别人

5. 比较

基本结构是as…as。前一个as是副词，后一个as是比较状语从句的连词。否定结构为not so much … as …

Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as are all other animals on the earth.尽管蚂蚁很小，但是它同地球上的任何其他动物一样，也是一种动物。

It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.与其说是他受到了许多打击，还不如说是缺乏斗志使他输掉了比赛。

其他

formal 正式的
formally 正式地 毕恭毕敬地
we formally announced tha  我们正式宣布 我们隆重宣布