【Matlab】基于KDtree的最近邻搜索和范围搜索

摘要：介绍Matlab的rangesearch()函数和knnsearch()函数。

rangesearch() —— 根据给定k-维数据集,返回指定距离范围内的所有数据点
knnsearch() —— 根据给定k-维数据集,返回最近的K个数据点

	%% 给定数值矩阵（input data），返回最近点的K个点
	% data matrix,100 x 3,表示100个空间点
	data = [hospital.Age, hospital.Weight, 66 * rand(100, 1)];
	% 绘制空间点
	scatter3(data(:, 1), data(:, 2), data(:, 3), 36, [1 0 0], "filled", "o")
	hold on
	zlabel 'Z'
	% 目标点有两个
	targetPoint = [50 162 21;
	12 180 31];
	% 绘制目标点
	scatter3(targetPoint(:, 1), targetPoint(:, 2), targetPoint(:, 3), 72, "magenta", "filled", "hexagram")
	hold on
	tic
	% 搜索目标点周围最近的3个点,返回值为data matrix的row index.
	id = knnsearch(data, targetPoint, "Distance", "euclidean", "K", 3, "NSMethod", "kdtree");
	toc
	result = data(reshape(id,[1,6]), :);
	% 绘制result 点
	scatter3(result(:, 1), result(:, 2),result(:,3), 72, "blue", "filled", "square")

基于近邻分类的实例选择算法 

	%% rangesearch():返回指定距离内的所有行索引
	% dataCloud是10维数据，545580个数据点。
	data = dataCloud(:,1:3);
	% 绘制散点
	scatter3(data(:, 1), data(:, 2), data(:, 3), 12, [1 0 0], "filled", "o")
	hold on
	zlabel 'Z'
	targetPoint = [40164.5 139.539 496.914];
	% 绘制目标点
	scatter3(targetPoint(:, 1), targetPoint(:, 2), targetPoint(:, 3), 36, "magenta", "filled", "hexagram")
	hold on
	tic
	% knn search using input data，直接给定数据集，搜索半径为50
	id = rangesearch(data(:, 1 : 3), targetPoint, 50, "NSMethod", "kdtree", "Distance", "euclidean");
	toc
	result = data(id{1}, :);
	% 绘制result 点
	scatter3(result(:, 1), result(:, 2), result(:, 3), 72, "blue", "filled", "square")

	%% 先创建KDtree model ，以此为基础返回范围内的点
	data = dataCloud;
	% 绘制散点
	scatter3(data(:, 1), data(:, 2), data(:, 3), 12, [1 0 0], "filled", "o")
	hold on
	zlabel 'Z'
	targetPoint = [40235.1142325237 -128.940013761462 738.5117255760920];
	% 绘制目标点
	scatter3(targetPoint(:, 1), targetPoint(:, 2), targetPoint(:, 3), 36, "magenta", "filled", "hexagram")
	hold on
	mdl = KDTreeSearcher(data(:, 1 : 3), "Distance", 'euclidean');
	tic
	% knn search using KDtree model，直接给定数据集，搜索半径为50
	id = rangesearch(mdl, targetPoint, 50, "Distance", "euclidean");
	toc
	result = data(id{1}, :);
	% 绘制result 点
	scatter3(result(:, 1), result(:, 2), result(:, 3), 72, "blue", "filled", "square")