numpy.astype数据精度导致数据变化的问题

在用numpy.astype强制转换数据类型的时候，由于numpy精度的问题将会对长度超过16位的数据发生不可预见的变化。

见以下样例：

a=np.random.randint(10000000000000000,100000000000000000,6,dtype=np.int64).reshape(3,-1)

a
Out[250]: 
array([[84627891441616237, 76092046570743607],
       [98092567621991294, 29336557186973849],
       [27275086880071664, 17713014931142607]], dtype=int64)

a==a.astype(np.float64).astype(np.int64)
Out[251]: 
array([[False, False],
       [False, False],
       [ True, False]])

仔细观察a 和转换一遍后的a

a
Out[252]: 
array([[84627891441616237, 76092046570743607],
       [98092567621991294, 29336557186973849],
       [27275086880071664, 17713014931142607]], dtype=int64)

a.astype(np.float64).astype(np.int64)
Out[253]: 
array([[84627891441616240, 76092046570743600],
       [98092567621991296, 29336557186973848],
       [27275086880071664, 17713014931142608]], dtype=int64)

可以发现，所有数据前16位都是相同的，16位以后就不可控了，导致错误发生的原因，就是numpy的32位精度问题导致的。

怎么解决呢？

我尝试了DataFrame的object类型可以解决，解决方式如下：

将numpy转换为DataFrame的时候，指定数据类型为object。

生成之后，在利用astype将其转换为int64即可。

具体应用可见以下样例：

rl
Out[255]: 
array([-8049777870090522920, -5440935078746751688, -3933548592432029974,
       -2462334750121545038, -1190291399416696655,   501852907112055918,
        1104104769051714879,  1318804999709453069,  1643349955204012180,
        1985695761539862128,  2177922432728714602,  2539438373990063976,
        2757041686965216513,  2930804226408986280,  4652176466101519414,
        5587216625180694234,  6110778615839656518,  8414204104888822915],
      dtype=int64)

V
Out[256]: 
array([[ 1.17613153e+222, -5.20143643e+220, -2.56059855e+218,
        -2.56059878e+218,  1.82560909e+211,  1.01358871e+211,
         1.82560909e+211, -1.05320730e+221,  8.07676648e+221,
         3.23330432e+194, -2.48561946e+218, -1.18058699e+219,
         2.65113824e+164,  9.86541855e+219, -3.21047863e+219,
         7.98645998e+193, -8.12021191e+210,  1.01358815e+211],
       [-8.92833386e+221, -1.00145726e+221,  2.14225335e+218,
         2.14225304e+218, -1.40702046e+211, -1.60296698e+211,
        -1.40702046e+211,  1.04484451e+221,  9.40007615e+221,
         2.73018012e+194, -3.14728928e+218, -1.05611169e+219,
         9.09859019e+163, -5.68088783e+219,  5.46366951e+219,
        -2.49687040e+194, -1.95946525e+210, -1.60296712e+211]])

rl=DataFrame([rl,V[0],V[1]],dtype=object).T
rl.columns=['SOURCEID','ax','ay']
rl.SOURCEID=rl.SOURCEID.astype('int64')

rl.SOURCEID.values
Out[258]: 
array([-8049777870090522920, -5440935078746751688, -3933548592432029974,
       -2462334750121545038, -1190291399416696655,   501852907112055918,
        1104104769051714879,  1318804999709453069,  1643349955204012180,
        1985695761539862128,  2177922432728714602,  2539438373990063976,
        2757041686965216513,  2930804226408986280,  4652176466101519414,
        5587216625180694234,  6110778615839656518,  8414204104888822915],
      dtype=int64)