命令模式:是一种数据驱动的设计模式,它属于行为型模式。请求以命令的形式包裹在对象中,并传给调用对象。调用对象寻找可以处理该命令的合适的对象,并把该命令传给相应的对象,该对象执行命令。
主要解决:在软件系统中,行为请求者与行为实现者通常是一种紧耦合的关系,但某些场合,比如需要对行为进行记录、撤销或重做、事务等处理时,这种无法抵御变化的紧耦合的设计就不太合适。
何时使用:在某些场合,比如要对行为进行"记录、撤销/重做、事务"等处理,这种无法抵御变化的紧耦合是不合适的。在这种情况下,如何将"行为请求者"与"行为实现者"解耦?将一组行为抽象为对象,可以实现二者之间的松耦合。
实例:
我们首先创建作为命令的接口 Order,然后创建作为请求的 Stock 类。实体命令类 BuyStock 和 SellStock,实现了 Order 接口,将执行实际的命令处理。创建作为调用对象的类 Broker,它接受订单并能下订单。
Broker 对象使用命令模式,基于命令的类型确定哪个对象执行哪个命令。CommandPatternDemo,我们的演示类使用 Broker 类来演示命令模式。
实例UML图
实例代码:
/**
* @package:com.shuyu.commadn
* @className:
* @description:
* @author:Shuyu.Wang
* @date:2018-11-30 22:40
* @version:V1.0
**/
public interface Order {
void execute();
}
/**
* @package:com.shuyu.commadn
* @className:
* @description:请求类
* @author:Shuyu.Wang
* @date:2018-11-30 22:41
* @version:V1.0
**/
@Slf4j
public class Stock {
private String name = "ABC";
private int quantity = 10;
public void buy() {
log.info("Stock [ Name: " + name + ", Quantity: " + quantity + " ] bought");
}
public void sell() {
log.info("Stock [ Name: " + name + ", Quantity:" + quantity +" ]sold ");
}
}
/**
* @package:com.shuyu.commadn
* @className:
* @description:
* @author:Shuyu.Wang
* @date:2018-11-30 22:48
* @version:V1.0
**/
public class BuyStock implements Order{
private Stock stock;
public BuyStock(Stock stock){
this.stock=stock;
}
@Override
public void execute() {
stock.buy();
}
}
/**
* @package:com.shuyu.commadn
* @className:
* @description:
* @author:Shuyu.Wang
* @date:2018-11-30 22:52
* @version:V1.0
**/
public class SellStock implements Order{
private Stock stock;
public SellStock(Stock stock){
this.stock=stock;
}
@Override
public void execute() {
stock.sell();
}
}
/**
* @package:com.shuyu.commadn
* @className:
* @description:
* @author:Shuyu.Wang
* @date:2018-11-30 22:53
* @version:V1.0
**/
public class Broker {
private List<Order> orderList = new ArrayList<>();
public void takeOrder(Order order) {
orderList.add(order);
}
public void placeOrders() {
for (Order o : orderList) {
o.execute();
}
orderList.clear();
}
}
测试代码:
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class CommandApplicationTests {
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
Stock stock=new Stock();
BuyStock buyStock=new BuyStock(stock);
SellStock sellStock=new SellStock(stock);
Broker broker=new Broker();
broker.takeOrder(buyStock);
broker.takeOrder(sellStock);
broker.placeOrders();
}
}
执行结果:
2018-11-30 22:59:08.241 INFO 28008 --- [ main] com.shuyu.commadn.Stock : Stock [ Name: ABC, Quantity: 10 ] bought
2018-11-30 22:59:08.242 INFO 28008 --- [ main] com.shuyu.commadn.Stock : Stock [ Name: ABC, Quantity:10 ]sold
github代码地址:https://github.com/iot-wangshuyu/designpatterns/tree/master/command