递归模板模式的使用： 统计某类对象的个数

一、概念引入

什么叫递归模板模式呢？简单的来说就是：派生类将本身作为模板参数传递给基类

//传递派生类类型

template <typename Derived>

class CuriousBase {

....

};

template <typename T>

class CuriousTemplate : public CuriousBase<CuriousTemplate<T> >{

....

};

//传递派生类本身：双重模板参数的使用

template <template<typename> class Derived>

class MoreCuriousBase {

....

};

template <typename T>

class MoreCurious : public MoreCuriousBase <MoreCurious > {

...

};

二、举例

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include<stddef.h>
using namespace std;

//统计某类的对象个数的模板基类
template <typename CountedType>
class ObjectCounter{
protected:
        ObjectCounter(){
            ++ObjectCounter<CountedType>::count;
        }
        
        ObjectCounter(const ObjectCounter<CountedType> &){
            ++ObjectCounter<CountedType>::count;
        }

        ~ObjectCounter(){
            --ObjectCounter<CountedType>::count;
        }
public:
        static size_t live(){
            return ObjectCounter<CountedType>::count;
        }

private:
    static size_t count;
};

template <typename CountedType>
size_t ObjectCounter<CountedType>::count =0;
//结束


//使用模板基类
template <typename CharT>
class MyString : public ObjectCounter<MyString<CharT> >{
....
};


int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
    MyString<char> s1,s2;
    MyString<wchar_t> ws;
    cout<<"numbers of MyString<char>: "<< MyString<char>::live()<<endl;
    cout<<"numbers of MyString<wchar_t>: "<< ws.live()<<endl;
    return 0;
}