Postgresql PL /Pproxy 分布式数据库代理

参考文档:
1)德哥博客:http://blog.163.com/digoal@126/blog/static/163877040201192535630895/
2)/wiki介绍:http://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/PL/Proxy#Documentation( 包含PLProxy下载地址,用法介绍,用法举例
3)德哥视频:http://pan.baidu.com/share/link?shareid=5060&uk=201377085

遗留问题:
1)plproxy 建立Cluster 后可以运行在RUN ALL下,这个时候如果链接pgbouncer期中一个节点失效
那么,运行在整个节点上的函数全部都会报错,对于分布式数据库需要从分库查询数据时就会影响
到可以正常工作的库。
2)从各个文章中发现有介绍怎么在代理库上建立代理函数,查询当前库的版本和节点配置信息以及
他们的链接参数有什么意义。

PostgreSQL分布式设计:
三层结构 : 
1. 路由层(几乎无限扩展)
   主角: plproxy,postgresql
2. 连接池层(几乎无限扩展)
   主角: pgbouncer
3. 数据层(几乎无限扩展)
   主角: postgresql

扩展方式:
1. 路由层扩展:
路由层包含了数据层的连接配置(FDW或函数),plproxy语言写的函数壳(内置路由算法),这些基本上是静态数据,所以扩展非常方便.
添加服务器就行了.
2. 连接池层扩展:
连接池层扩展加服务器.
3. 数据层扩展:
数据层扩展,添加服务器,通过流复制增加数据节点,结合路由算法重分布数据(建议路由算法2^n取模),

物理分布:
1. 路由层和连接池层尽量靠近部署.可以考虑部署在同一台物理机.
2. 数据层尽量每个节点一台物理机.

环境需求:
   
   
CentOS 5.7 x64
flex-2.5.35
PostgreSQL-9.1.1
plproxy-2.2
pgfincore-v1.1
libevent-1.4.14b-stable
pgbouncer 1.4.2

测试环境描述:
   
   
1. pgbench : 172.16.3.176
2. pgbouncer on pgbench HOST : 
172.16.3.176:1998(
proxy0 = host=172.16.3.150 dbname=proxy port=1921 pool_size=16
proxy1 = host=172.16.3.39 dbname=proxy port=1921 pool_size=16
proxy2 = host=172.16.3.40 dbname=proxy port=1921 pool_size=16
proxy3 = host=172.16.3.33 dbname=proxy port=1921 pool_size=16
)
3. PostgreSQL 数据节点 : 172.16.3.150:1921/digoal, 172.16.3.39:1921/digoal, 172.16.3.40:1921/digoal, 172.16.3.33:1921/digoal
4. PostgreSQL plproxy节点 : 172.16.3.150:1921/proxy, 172.16.3.39:1921/proxy, 172.16.3.40:1921/proxy, 172.16.3.33:1921/proxy
5. pgbouncers on plproxy HOST : 
172.16.3.150:1999, 172.16.3.39:1999, 172.16.3.40:1999, 172.16.3.33:1999(
digoal0 = host=172.16.3.150 dbname=digoal port=1921 pool_size=8
digoal1 = host=172.16.3.39 dbname=digoal port=1921 pool_size=8
digoal2 = host=172.16.3.40 dbname=digoal port=1921 pool_size=8
digoal3 = host=172.16.3.33 dbname=digoal port=1921 pool_size=8
)


环境搭建:
1. 编译安装flex-2.5.35

./configure && make && make install

2. 编译安装PostgreSQL-9.1.1
   
   
./configure --prefix=/opt/pgsql --with-pgport=1921 --with-perl --with-python --with-openssl --with-pam --without-ldap --with-libxml --with-libxslt --enable-thread-safety --with-wal-segsize=64
gmake world
gmake install-world
3. 编译安装plproxy-2.2
   
   
mv plproxy-2.2 postgresql-9.1.1/contrib/plproxy-2.2
make PG_CONFIG=/path/to/pg_config
make install PG_CONFIG=/path/to/pg_config
4. 编译安装pgfincore-v1.1 (这个扩展可以把表放到操作系统的Cache中,提高性能)
   
   
mv pgfincore-v1.1 postgresql-9.1.1/contrib/pgfincore-v1.1
cp pgfincore.control /
make clean
make
su
make install PG_CONFIG=/path/to/pg_config
5. 编译安装libevent-1.4.14b-stable

./configure && make && make install

6. 编译安装pgbouncer 1.4.2

./configure --prefix=/opt/pgbouncer && make && make install


注意:如果找不到相关的 xxx.so文件,请把该文件的目录放入文件,最后执行 /sbin/ldconfig –v命令
vim /etc/ld.so.conf
include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
/usr/local/lib/

配置:
1. 配置数据节点信息
新建用户 : digoal(nosuperuser)
新建表空间 : digoal, digoal_idx
新建数据库 : digoal
digoal库新建schema : digoal
digoal库新建过程语言 : plpgsql
允许代理函数连的连接池所在的服务器连接上面新建的用户和库 : 配置pg_hba.conf
配置postgresql.conf : 略

2. 配置plproxy节点信息(本例与数据节点共用PostgreSQL数据库实例集群)
新建用户 : proxy(nosuperuser)
新建表空间 : 共用digoal
新建数据库 : proxy
proxy库新建schema : proxy
plproxy初始化 : 用超级用户执行/opt/pgsql/share/contrib/plproxy.sql 创建handler function,language,validator function,foreign data wrapper
更改language可信度(否则普通用户不可以使用plproxy语言) : 
   
   
  proxy=> \c proxy postgres
  update pg_language set lanpltrusted='t' where lanname='plproxy';
这个操作是为了途方便, 生产中请使用超级用户创建plproxy函数, 把execute权限赋予给普通用户.

3. 配置pgfincore
连接到数据节点\c digoal postgres

CREATE EXTENSION pgfincore;


4. 配置pgbouncer(代理函数连的连接池)
4台主机都需要配置,
   
   
postgres@db-digoal-> cat config1999.ini 
[databases]
digoal0 = host=172.16.3.150 dbname=digoal port=1921 pool_size=8
digoal1 = host=172.16.3.39 dbname=digoal port=1921 pool_size=8
digoal2 = host=172.16.3.40 dbname=digoal port=1921 pool_size=8
digoal3 = host=172.16.3.33 dbname=digoal port=1921 pool_size=8
[pgbouncer]
pool_mode = transaction
listen_port = 1999
unix_socket_dir = /opt/pgbouncer/etc
listen_addr = *
auth_type = md5
auth_file = /opt/pgbouncer/etc/users1999.txt
logfile = /dev/null
pidfile = /opt/pgbouncer/etc/pgbouncer1999.pid
max_client_conn = 10000
reserve_pool_timeout = 0
server_reset_query =
admin_users = pgbouncer_admin
stats_users = pgbouncer_guest
ignore_startup_parameters = extra_float_digits
postgres@db-digoal-> cat users1999.txt 
"digoal" "md5462f71c79368ccf422f8a773ef40074d"

5. 配置pgbouncer(pgbench连的连接池)
   
   
postgres@db-digoal-> cat config1998.ini 
[databases]
proxy0 = host=172.16.3.150 dbname=proxy port=1921 pool_size=16
proxy1 = host=172.16.3.39 dbname=proxy port=1921 pool_size=16
proxy2 = host=172.16.3.40 dbname=proxy port=1921 pool_size=16
proxy3 = host=172.16.3.33 dbname=proxy port=1921 pool_size=16
[pgbouncer]
pool_mode = transaction
listen_port = 1998
unix_socket_dir = /opt/pgbouncer/config
listen_addr = *
auth_type = md5
auth_file = /opt/pgbouncer/config/users.txt
logfile = /dev/null
pidfile = /opt/pgbouncer/config/pgbouncer1998.pid
max_client_conn = 1500
reserve_pool_timeout = 0
server_reset_query = 
admin_users = pgbouncer_admin
stats_users = pgbouncer_guest
ignore_startup_parameters = extra_float_digits


数据节点, 创建测试表, 插入测试数据:
   
   
proxy=# \c digoal digoal
create table user_info
(userid int,
engname text,
cnname text,
occupation text,
birthday date,
signname text,
email text,
qq numeric,
crt_time timestamp without time zone,
mod_time timestamp without time zone
);
create table user_login_rec
(userid int,
login_time timestamp without time zone,
ip inet
);
create table user_logout_rec
(userid int,
logout_time timestamp without time zone,
ip inet
);

测试数据 : 
0号节点
   
   
insert into user_info (userid,engname,cnname,occupation,birthday,signname,email,qq,crt_time,mod_time)
select generate_series(0,50000000,4),
'digoal.zhou',
'德哥',
'DBA',
'1970-01-01'
,E'公益是一辈子的事, I\'m Digoal.Zhou, Just do it!',
'digoal@126.com',
276732431,
clock_timestamp(),
NULL
;
1号节点
   
   
insert into user_info (userid,engname,cnname,occupation,birthday,signname,email,qq,crt_time,mod_time)
select generate_series(1,50000000,4),
'digoal.zhou',
'德哥',
'DBA',
'1970-01-01'
,E'公益是一辈子的事, I\'m Digoal.Zhou, Just do it!',
'digoal@126.com',
276732431,
clock_timestamp(),
NULL
;
2号节点
   
   
insert into user_info (userid,engname,cnname,occupation,birthday,signname,email,qq,crt_time,mod_time)
select generate_series(2,50000000,4),
'digoal.zhou',
'德哥',
'DBA',
'1970-01-01'
,E'公益是一辈子的事, I\'m Digoal.Zhou, Just do it!',
'digoal@126.com',
276732431,
clock_timestamp(),
NULL
;
3号节点
   
   
insert into user_info (userid,engname,cnname,occupation,birthday,signname,email,qq,crt_time,mod_time)
select generate_series(3,50000000,4),
'digoal.zhou',
'德哥',
'DBA',
'1970-01-01'
,E'公益是一辈子的事, I\'m Digoal.Zhou, Just do it!',
'digoal@126.com',
276732431,
clock_timestamp(),
NULL
;
所有节点 : 
   
   
set work_mem='2048MB';
set maintenance_work_mem='2048MB';
alter table user_info add constraint pk_user_info primary key (userid) using index tablespace digoal_idx;


开发: 
数据节点 : 
实体函数: 
登录函数 : 
   
   
create or replace function f_user_login 
(i_userid int,
OUT o_userid int,
OUT o_engname text,
OUT o_cnname text,
OUT o_occupation text,
OUT o_birthday date,
OUT o_signname text,
OUT o_email text,
OUT o_qq numeric
)
as $BODY$
declare
begin
select userid,engname,cnname,occupation,birthday,signname,email,qq
into o_userid,o_engname,o_cnname,o_occupation,o_birthday,o_signname,o_email,o_qq
from user_info where userid=i_userid;
insert into user_login_rec (userid,login_time,ip) values (i_userid,now(),inet_client_addr());
return;
end;
$BODY$
language plpgsql;

退出函数 : 
   
   
create or replace function f_user_logout
(i_userid int,
OUT o_result int
)
as $BODY$
declare
begin
insert into user_logout_rec (userid,logout_time,ip) values (i_userid,now(),inet_client_addr());
o_result := 0;
return;
exception 
when others then
o_result := 1;
return;
end;
$BODY$
language plpgsql;

代理节点 : 
创建server
   
   
CREATE SERVER digoal FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER plproxy
OPTIONS (
connection_lifetime '1800',
disable_binary '1',
p0 'dbname=digoal0 host=127.0.0.1 port=1999 client_encoding=UTF8',
p1 'dbname=digoal1 host=127.0.0.1 port=1999 client_encoding=UTF8',
p2 'dbname=digoal2 host=127.0.0.1 port=1999 client_encoding=UTF8',
p3 'dbname=digoal3 host=127.0.0.1 port=1999 client_encoding=UTF8'
);
创建user mapping
   
   
CREATE USER MAPPING FOR proxy SERVER digoal
OPTIONS (user 'digoal', password 'digoal');
赋权server

grant usage on foreign server digoal to proxy;

创建代理函数:
   
   
\c proxy proxy
登录函数: 
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION f_user_login(i_userid int,
OUT o_userid int,
OUT o_engname text,
OUT o_cnname text,
OUT o_occupation text,
OUT o_birthday date,
OUT o_signname text,
OUT o_email text,
OUT o_qq numeric
)
as $BODY$
    CLUSTER 'digoal';
    RUN ON i_userid;
    target digoal.f_user_login;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plproxy;
退出函数: 
create or replace function f_user_logout
(i_userid int,
OUT o_result int
)
as $BODY$
    CLUSTER 'digoal';
    RUN ON i_userid;
    target digoal.f_user_logout;
$BODY$
language plproxy;

pgbench压力测试 : 
   
   
postgres@db-digoal-> cat begin.sh
#!/bin/bash
nohup pgbench -M extended -r -c 8 -f /home/postgres/digoal_bench/login.sql -j 8 -n -T 180 -h 127.0.0.1 -p 1998 -U proxy proxy0 >>./login_0.log 2>&1 &
nohup pgbench -M extended -r -c 8 -f /home/postgres/digoal_bench/login.sql -j 8 -n -T 180 -h 127.0.0.1 -p 1998 -U proxy proxy1 >>./login_1.log 2>&1 &
nohup pgbench -M extended -r -c 8 -f /home/postgres/digoal_bench/login.sql -j 8 -n -T 180 -h 127.0.0.1 -p 1998 -U proxy proxy2 >>./login_2.log 2>&1 &
nohup pgbench -M extended -r -c 8 -f /home/postgres/digoal_bench/login.sql -j 8 -n -T 180 -h 127.0.0.1 -p 1998 -U proxy proxy3 >>./login_3.log 2>&1 &
nohup pgbench -M extended -r -c 8 -f /home/postgres/digoal_bench/logout.sql -j 8 -n -T 180 -h 127.0.0.1 -p 1998 -U proxy proxy0 >>./logout_0.log 2>&1 &
nohup pgbench -M extended -r -c 8 -f /home/postgres/digoal_bench/logout.sql -j 8 -n -T 180 -h 127.0.0.1 -p 1998 -U proxy proxy1 >>./logout_1.log 2>&1 &
nohup pgbench -M extended -r -c 8 -f /home/postgres/digoal_bench/logout.sql -j 8 -n -T 180 -h 127.0.0.1 -p 1998 -U proxy proxy2 >>./logout_2.log 2>&1 &
nohup pgbench -M extended -r -c 8 -f /home/postgres/digoal_bench/logout.sql -j 8 -n -T 180 -h 127.0.0.1 -p 1998 -U proxy proxy3 >>./logout_3.log 2>&1 &
postgres@db-digoal-> cat login.sql
\setrandom userid 0 50000000
SELECT f_user_login(:userid);
postgres@db-digoal-> cat logout.sql
\setrandom userid 0 50000000
SELECT f_user_logout(:userid);
cat .pgpass 略

测试结果 : 
   
   
postgres@db-digoal-> cat login_0.log 
transaction type: Custom query
scaling factor: 1
query mode: extended
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 180 s
number of transactions actually processed: 665468
tps = 3695.624216 (including connections establishing)
tps = 3695.675102 (excluding connections establishing)
statement latencies in milliseconds:
        0.002366        \setrandom userid 0 50000000
        2.158355        SELECT f_user_login(:userid);
postgres@db-digoal-> cat login_1.log 
transaction type: Custom query
scaling factor: 1
query mode: extended
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 180 s
number of transactions actually processed: 665288
tps = 3694.720318 (including connections establishing)
tps = 3694.777428 (excluding connections establishing)
statement latencies in milliseconds:
        0.002289        \setrandom userid 0 50000000
        2.159063        SELECT f_user_login(:userid);
postgres@db-digoal-> cat login_2.log 
transaction type: Custom query
scaling factor: 1
query mode: extended
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 180 s
number of transactions actually processed: 645371
tps = 3585.275832 (including connections establishing)
tps = 3585.340161 (excluding connections establishing)
statement latencies in milliseconds:
        0.002341        \setrandom userid 0 50000000
        2.225684        SELECT f_user_login(:userid);
postgres@db-digoal-> cat login_3.log 
transaction type: Custom query
scaling factor: 1
query mode: extended
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 180 s
number of transactions actually processed: 732428
tps = 4068.985625 (including connections establishing)
tps = 4069.059175 (excluding connections establishing)
statement latencies in milliseconds:
        0.002358        \setrandom userid 0 50000000
        1.960421        SELECT f_user_login(:userid);
postgres@db-digoal-> cat logout_0.log 
transaction type: Custom query
scaling factor: 1
query mode: extended
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 180 s
number of transactions actually processed: 774532
tps = 4302.899259 (including connections establishing)
tps = 4302.942647 (excluding connections establishing)
statement latencies in milliseconds:
        0.002279        \setrandom userid 0 50000000
        1.853726        SELECT f_user_logout(:userid);
postgres@db-digoal-> cat logout_1.log 
transaction type: Custom query
scaling factor: 1
query mode: extended
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 180 s
number of transactions actually processed: 773650
tps = 4298.002332 (including connections establishing)
tps = 4298.047243 (excluding connections establishing)
statement latencies in milliseconds:
        0.002308        \setrandom userid 0 50000000
        1.855774        SELECT f_user_logout(:userid);
postgres@db-digoal-> cat logout_2.log 
transaction type: Custom query
scaling factor: 1
query mode: extended
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 180 s
number of transactions actually processed: 752476
tps = 4180.389824 (including connections establishing)
tps = 4180.437536 (excluding connections establishing)
statement latencies in milliseconds:
        0.002331        \setrandom userid 0 50000000
        1.908120        SELECT f_user_logout(:userid);
postgres@db-digoal-> cat logout_3.log 
transaction type: Custom query
scaling factor: 1
query mode: extended
number of clients: 8
number of threads: 8
duration: 180 s
number of transactions actually processed: 855429
tps = 4752.346080 (including connections establishing)
tps = 4752.383363 (excluding connections establishing)
statement latencies in milliseconds:
        0.002288        \setrandom userid 0 50000000
        1.677890        SELECT f_user_logout(:userid);

小结 : 
每秒处理事务数 : 32581
平均耗时 : 1.974879125 毫秒.
数据库节点平均负载 : 6
数据库节点平均空闲 : 78%

另一个测试的测试数据 : 
8000W数据分布到4个节点,根据PK进行更新。
更新SQL请求频率 : 33027 次每秒
平均SQL处理耗时 : 1.9352235 毫秒

从测试结果来看,PLPROXY部署的环境得到的性能提升是超线性的。4台服务器得到的性能大于等于4倍单节点数据库的性能。
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