大家好今天我今天给大家讲解一下Android创建xml以及一些解析xml的常用方法。
首先是创建，我们用XmlSerializer这个类来创建一个xml文件，其次是解析xml文件，常用的有dom,sax,XmlPullParser等方法，由于sax代码有点复杂，本节只讲解一下dom与XmlPullParser解析，sax我将会在下一节单独讲解，至于几种解析xml的优缺点我就不再讲述了。
为了方便理解，我做了一个简单的Demo。首先首界面有三个按钮，点击第一个按钮会在sdcard目录下创建一个books.xml文件。另外两个按钮分别是调用dom与XmlPullParser方法解析xml文件，并将结果显示在一个TextView里。大家可以按照我的步骤一步步来：
第一步：新建一个Android工程，命名为XmlDemo
第二步：修改main.xml布局文件，代码如下：
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<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"utf-8"
?>
<
LinearLayout
xmlns:android
=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation
=
"vertical"
android:layout_width
=
"fill_parent"
android:layout_height
=
"fill_parent"
>
<
Button
android:id
=
"@+id/btn1"
android:layout_width
=
"fill_parent"
android:layout_height
=
"wrap_content"
android:text
=
"创建XML文件"
/>
<
Button
android:id
=
"@+id/btn2"
android:layout_width
=
"fill_parent"
android:layout_height
=
"wrap_content"
android:text
=
"DOM解析XML"
/>
<
Button
android:id
=
"@+id/btn3"
android:layout_width
=
"fill_parent"
android:layout_height
=
"wrap_content"
android:text
=
"XmlPullParse解析XML"
/>
<
TextView
android:id
=
"@+id/result"
android:layout_width
=
"fill_parent"
android:layout_height
=
"wrap_content"
/>
</
LinearLayout
>
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第三步：修改主核心程序XmlDemo.java,代码如下：
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package
com.tutor.xml;
import
java.io.File;
import
java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import
java.io.FileOutputStream;
import
java.io.IOException;
import
javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import
javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import
javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import
org.w3c.dom.Document;
import
org.w3c.dom.Element;
import
org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import
org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import
org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
import
org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
import
org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserFactory;
import
org.xmlpull.v1.XmlSerializer;
import
android.app.Activity;
import
android.os.Bundle;
import
android.util.Log;
import
android.util.Xml;
import
android.view.View;
import
android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import
android.widget.Button;
import
android.widget.TextView;
import
android.widget.Toast;
public
class
XmlDemo
extends
Activity
implements
OnClickListener {
private
static
final
String BOOKS_PATH =
"/sdcard/books.xml"
;
private
Button mButton1, mButton2, mButton3;
private
TextView mTextView;
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
setupViews();
}
// 初始化工作
private
void
setupViews() {
mTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.result);
mButton1 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn1);
mButton2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn2);
mButton3 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn3);
mButton1.setOnClickListener(
this
);
mButton2.setOnClickListener(
this
);
mButton3.setOnClickListener(
this
);
}
// 创建xml文件
private
void
createXmlFile() {
File linceseFile =
new
File(BOOKS_PATH);
try
{
linceseFile.createNewFile();
}
catch
(IOException e) {
Log.e(
"IOException"
,
"exception in createNewFile() method"
);
}
FileOutputStream fileos =
null
;
try
{
fileos =
new
FileOutputStream(linceseFile);
}
catch
(FileNotFoundException e) {
Log.e(
"FileNotFoundException"
,
"can't create FileOutputStream"
);
}
XmlSerializer serializer = Xml.newSerializer();
try
{
serializer.setOutput(fileos,
"UTF-8"
);
serializer.startDocument(
null
,
true
);
serializer.startTag(
null
,
"books"
);
for
(
int
i =
0
; i <
3
; i++) {
serializer.startTag(
null
,
"book"
);
serializer.startTag(
null
,
"bookname"
);
serializer.text(
"Android教程"
+ i);
serializer.endTag(
null
,
"bookname"
);
serializer.startTag(
null
,
"bookauthor"
);
serializer.text(
"Frankie"
+ i);
serializer.endTag(
null
,
"bookauthor"
);
serializer.endTag(
null
,
"book"
);
}
serializer.endTag(
null
,
"books"
);
serializer.endDocument();
serializer.flush();
fileos.close();
}
catch
(Exception e) {
Log.e(
"Exception"
,
"error occurred while creating xml file"
);
}
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),
"创建xml文件成功!"
,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
// dom解析xml文件
private
void
domParseXML() {
File file =
new
File(BOOKS_PATH);
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder db =
null
;
try
{
db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
}
catch
(ParserConfigurationException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Document doc =
null
;
try
{
doc = db.parse(file);
}
catch
(SAXException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
catch
(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
NodeList books = root.getElementsByTagName(
"book"
);
String res =
"本结果是通过dom解析:"
+
"/n"
;
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < books.getLength(); i++) {
Element book = (Element) books.item(i);
Element bookname = (Element) book.getElementsByTagName(
"bookname"
)
.item(
0
);
Element bookauthor = (Element) book.getElementsByTagName(
"bookauthor"
).item(
0
);
res +=
"书名: "
+ bookname.getFirstChild().getNodeValue() +
" "
+
"作者: "
+ bookauthor.getFirstChild().getNodeValue() +
"/n"
;
}
mTextView.setText(res);
}
// xmlPullParser解析xml文件
private
void
xmlPullParseXML() {
String res =
"本结果是通过XmlPullParse解析:"
+
"/n"
;
try
{
XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
xmlPullParser.setInput(Thread.currentThread()
.getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(BOOKS_PATH),
"UTF-8"
);
int
eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
try
{
while
(eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName();
switch
(eventType) {
case
XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
if
(
"bookname"
.equals(nodeName)) {
res +=
"书名: "
+ xmlPullParser.nextText() +
" "
;
}
else
if
(
"bookauthor"
.equals(nodeName)) {
res +=
"作者: "
+ xmlPullParser.nextText() +
"/n"
;
}
break
;
default
:
break
;
}
eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
}
}
catch
(IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
catch
(XmlPullParserException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
mTextView.setText(res);
}
// 按钮事件响应
public
void
onClick(View v) {
if
(v == mButton1) {
createXmlFile();
}
else
if
(v == mButton2) {
domParseXML();
}
else
if
(v == mButton3) {
xmlPullParseXML();
}
}
}
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第四步：由于我们在Sd卡上新建了文件，需要增加权限，如下代码(第13行)：
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<?
xml
version
=
"1.0"
encoding
=
"utf-8"
?>
<
manifest
xmlns:android
=
"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package
=
"com.tutor.xml"
android:versionCode
=
"1"
android:versionName
=
"1.0"
>
<
application
android:icon
=
"@drawable/icon"
android:label
=
"@string/app_name"
>
<
activity
android:name
=
".XmlDemo"
android:label
=
"@string/app_name"
>
<
intent-filter
>
<
action
android:name
=
"android.intent.action.MAIN"
/>
<
category
android:name
=
"android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"
/>
</
intent-filter
>
</
activity
>
</
application
>
<
uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion
=
"7"
/>
<
uses-permission
android:name
=
"android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
/>
</
manifest
>
|
第五步：运行上述工程，查看效果：
启动首界面：
点击创建XML文件按钮，生成books.xml文件
books.xml内容如下：
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<?
xml
version
=
'1.0'
encoding
=
'UTF-8'
standalone
=
'yes'
?>
<
books
>
<
book
>
<
bookname
>Android教程0</
bookname
>
<
bookauthor
>Frankie0</
bookauthor
>
</
book
>
<
book
>
<
bookname
>Android教程1</
bookname
>
<
bookauthor
>Frankie1</
bookauthor
>
</
book
>
<
book
>
<
bookname
>Android教程2</
bookname
>
<
bookauthor
>Frankie2</
bookauthor
>
</
book
>
</
books
>
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点击DOM解析XML按钮：
点击XmlPullParse解析XML按钮：
Ok~今天就先讲到这里。thx~
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