过去分词做宾语补足语

概述

作宾语补足语的过去分词一般来自及物动词，表示被动或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之，说明宾语所处的状态，一般跟它前面的宾语在逻辑上构成动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：She found the door broken in when she came back.（宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。）其结构形式为：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 过去分词。

常带有过去分词作宾语补足语的动词

过去分词用在表示状态的动词keep、leave等的后面

They keep the door locked for a long time.
Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time.

过去分词用在使役have、make的后面

注意“have + 宾语 + 过去分词”的两种用法：

1. 表示让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做，如：
   I have had my bike repaired.
   The villagers had many trees planted just then.
2. 表示“遭遇到某种不幸;受到打击/受……影响，蒙受……损失”，如：
   My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.
   The old man had hist wrist broken in the accident.

“make + 宾语 + 过去分词”，在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。例如：
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English.

过去分词用在感官动词watch、notice、see、hear、listen to、feel、find等的后面

When we got to school, we saw the door locked.
He found his house broken into when he got back home.

过去分词用在want、wish、like、expect、order等表示“希望、愿望、命令”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语

The teacher wouldn’t like the problem discussed at the moment.
I want the suit made to his own measure.

过去分词用在“with + 宾语 + 宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系

With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.

过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾补的区别

现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系，其动作与谓语动词同时进行。

过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系，其动作先于谓语动词。

不定式作宾补：表示一个完成的动作，或表示一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。例如
He didn’t notice me waiting.
I heard the song sung in English.
I saw him opening the window.
I saw the window opened.
I saw him open the window.
I heard her sing the song in English.