PHP 20周年了!??
PHP 首发通告,1995年6月8日
发布于 COMP.INFOSYSTEMS.WWW.AUTHORING.CGI
主题:正式宣布:个人主页工具(Personal Home Page Tools)
正式宣布个人主页工具(PHP 工具)1.0 版本
此工具是一组用 C 语言写的轻量的 cgi 二进制文件。他们能运行许多功能,包括:
- 在你的私有日志文件记录页面访问情况
- 实时查看日志信息
- 提供查看日志信息的友好接口
- 在你的页面展示最近一次的访问信息
- 完整的每天及总体访问统计
- 依据用户的域名限制其访问
- 依据用户的域名为页面提供密码保护
- 依据用户的电子邮箱地址追踪其访问情况
- 支持追踪引荐 URL 的 HTTP_REFERER
- 无需服务器支持即可运行 SSI (server-side includes)
- 支持不记录特定域名(比如,你自己的)的访问信息
- 轻易地创建并展示表格
- 支持在后续的文档中使用表格信息
使用该工具,你不需要:
- 你不需要访问根目录——工具安装在 ~/public_html 目录
- 你不需要在服务器启用 SSI (server-side includes)
- 你不需要使用 Perl 或 Tcl 或其他任何脚本解释器
- 你不需要访问 httpd 日志文件
使用该工具的唯一条件是你能够运行自己的 cgi 程序。如果你不知道这是什么意思,可以询问系统管理员。
借助该工具,你还可以在两分钟内实现留言板,或其他任何用于写入信息并向访客展示的表格。
该工具不受版权限制,遵循 GNU 公共许可证。是的!该工具完全免费!
查看该工具的完整演示,请访问:http://www.io.org/~rasmus。
--
Rasmus Lerdorf
rasmus@io.org
http://www.io.org/~rasmus
用于 Web 应用的 C API
void Cos(void) {
Stack *s;
char temp[64];
s = Pop();
if(!s) {
Error("Stack error in cos");
return;
}
sprintf(temp,"%f",cos(s->douval));
Push(temp,DNUMBER);
}
于是乎,你可以这样使用它:
<html><head><title>Cos Example</title></head>
<body><h1>Cos Example</h1>
<?echo Cos($input)>
</body></html>
PHP7
✔ 引擎提升
- 现实世界中的大多数应用程序都能获得 100% 以上的性能提升
- 内存使用量更低
- 原生线程本地储存
✔ 持久的以文件为基础的二级缓存 OPCache
; --enable-opcache-file
; php.ini
opcache.file_cache=/var/tmp
; php-cli.ini
opcache.enable_cli=1
opcache.file_cache=/var/tmp
opcache.file_cache_only=1
$ time composer >/dev/null
real 0m0.040s
user 0m0.032s
sys 0m0.004s
$ time composer >/dev/null
real 0m0.019s
user 0m0.016s
sys 0m0.000s
$ time php -d opcache.enable=0 /usr/local/bin/composer >/dev/null
real 0m0.033s
user 0m0.032s
sys 0m0.000s
/var/tmp
├── 7eeb6fe88104116c27c5650ddd83abf0
│ └── usr
│ └── local
│ └── bin
│ └── composer.bin
└── 7eeb6fe88104116c27c5650ddd83abf0phar:
└── usr
└── local
└── bin
└── composer
├── bin
│ └── composer.bin
├── src
│ ├── bootstrap.php.bin
│ └── Composer
│ ├── Command
│ │ ├── AboutCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── ArchiveCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── ClearCacheCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── Command.php.bin
│ │ ├── ConfigCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── CreateProjectCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── DependsCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── DiagnoseCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── DumpAutoloadCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── GlobalCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── Helper
│ │ │ └── DialogHelper.php.bin
│ │ ├── HomeCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── InitCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── InstallCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── LicensesCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── RemoveCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── RequireCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── RunScriptCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── SearchCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── SelfUpdateCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── ShowCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── StatusCommand.php.bin
│ │ ├── UpdateCommand.php.bin
│ │ └── ValidateCommand.php.bin
│ ├── Composer.php.bin
│ ├── Console
│ │ └── Application.php.bin
│ ├── Factory.php.bin
│ ├── IO
│ │ ├── BaseIO.php.bin
│ │ ├── ConsoleIO.php.bin
│ │ └── IOInterface.php.bin
│ ├── Package
│ │ ├── BasePackage.php.bin
│ │ └── PackageInterface.php.bin
│ ├── Script
│ │ └── ScriptEvents.php.bin
│ └── Util
│ └── ErrorHandler.php.bin
└── vendor
├── autoload.php.bin
├── composer
│ ├── autoload_classmap.php.bin
│ ├── autoload_namespaces.php.bin
│ ├── autoload_psr4.php.bin
│ ├── autoload_real.php.bin
│ └── ClassLoader.php.bin
└── symfony
└── console
└── Symfony
└── Component
└── Console
├── Application.php.bin
├── Command
│ ├── Command.php.bin
│ ├── HelpCommand.php.bin
│ └── ListCommand.php.bin
├── Descriptor
│ ├── ApplicationDescription.php.bin
│ ├── DescriptorInterface.php.bin
│ ├── Descriptor.php.bin
│ ├── JsonDescriptor.php.bin
│ ├── MarkdownDescriptor.php.bin
│ ├── TextDescriptor.php.bin
│ └── XmlDescriptor.php.bin
├── Formatter
│ ├── OutputFormatterInterface.php.bin
│ ├── OutputFormatter.php.bin
│ ├── OutputFormatterStyleInterface.php.bin
│ ├── OutputFormatterStyle.php.bin
│ └── OutputFormatterStyleStack.php.bin
├── Helper
│ ├── DebugFormatterHelper.php.bin
│ ├── DescriptorHelper.php.bin
│ ├── DialogHelper.php.bin
│ ├── FormatterHelper.php.bin
│ ├── HelperInterface.php.bin
│ ├── Helper.php.bin
│ ├── HelperSet.php.bin
│ ├── InputAwareHelper.php.bin
│ ├── ProcessHelper.php.bin
│ ├── ProgressHelper.php.bin
│ ├── QuestionHelper.php.bin
│ ├── TableHelper.php.bin
│ ├── Table.php.bin
│ └── TableStyle.php.bin
├── Input
│ ├── ArgvInput.php.bin
│ ├── ArrayInput.php.bin
│ ├── InputArgument.php.bin
│ ├── InputAwareInterface.php.bin
│ ├── InputDefinition.php.bin
│ ├── InputInterface.php.bin
│ ├── InputOption.php.bin
│ └── Input.php.bin
└── Output
├── ConsoleOutputInterface.php.bin
├── ConsoleOutput.php.bin
├── NullOutput.php.bin
├── OutputInterface.php.bin
├── Output.php.bin
└── StreamOutput.php.bin
32 级目录, 87 个文件
✔ 抽象语法树!!
echo substr("abc", [1,2]);
% phan -a test.php
AST_STMT_LIST @ 1
0: AST_STMT_LIST @ 2
0: AST_ECHO @ 2
0: AST_CALL @ 2
0: AST_NAME @ 2
flags: NAME_NOT_FQ (1)
0: "substr"
1: AST_ARG_LIST @ 2
0: "abc"
1: AST_ARRAY @ 2
0: AST_ARRAY_ELEM @ 2
flags: 0
0: 1
1: null
1: AST_ARRAY_ELEM @ 2
flags: 0
0: 2
1: null
% phan -a test.php
test.php:2 TypeError arg#2(start) is int[] but substr() takes int
✔ 返回类型
function get_config(): array {
return 42;
}
get_config();
// 可捕获的致命错误:get_config() 的返回值必须是数组类型,此处返回了整数。
✔ 强制标量类型
function logmsg(string $msg, int $level, float $severity) {
var_dump($msg); // string(1) "1"
var_dump($level); // int(2)
var_dump($severity); // float(3)
}
logmsg(1, "2.5", 3);
✔ 严格标量类型
declare(strict_types=1);
logmsg(1, "2.5", 3);
致命错误:传给 logmsg() 的首个参数必须是字符串类型,此处是整型。
✔ 匿名类
return new class($controller) implements Page {
public function __construct($controller) {
/* ... */
}
/* ... */
};
class MyObject extends MyStuff {
public function getInterface() {
return new class implements MyInterface {
/* ... */
};
}
}
✔ Null 合并操作符
$a = NULL;
$b = 1;
$c = 2;
echo $a ?? $b; // 1
echo $c ?? $b; // 2
echo $a ?? $b ?? $c; // 1
echo $a ?? $x ?? $c; // 2
✔ 飞船操作符 (Spaceship Operator)
|=| Tie Fighter
k=k Tie Interceptor
<==> Tie Bomber
<=> Tie Advanced X1 ✔
function cmp_php5($a, $b) {
return ($a < $b) ? -1 : (($a >$b) ? 1 : 0);
}
function cmp_php7($a, $b) {
return $a <=> $b;
}
✔ 致命错误中的特例
function call_method($obj) {
$obj->method();
}
call_method(null);
// 致命错误:非对象调用了成员函数 method()
try {
call_method(null);
} catch (EngineException $e) {
echo "Exception: {$e->getMessage()}\n";
}
// Exception: Call to a member function method() on a non-object
//特例:非对象调用了成员函数 method()
✔ 零成本断言
function test($arg) {
assert($arg > 20 && $arg < 110, "$arg is invalid");
}
ini_set('zend.assertions',0); test(16);
ini_set('zend.assertions',1); test(17);
ini_set('assert.exception',1); test(18);
Warning: assert(): 17 is invalid failed in /home/rasmus/assert.php on line 3
Fatal error: Uncaught AssertionError: 18 is invalid in /home/rasmus/assert.php:3
Stack trace:
#0 /home/rasmus/assert.php(3): assert(false, '18 is invalid')
#1 /home/rasmus/assert.php(13): test(18)
#2 {main}
thrown in /home/rasmus/assert.php on line 3
; Completely skip compiling assert() calls
; (can only be set in php.ini)
zend.assertions = -1
✔ 新增 Closure::call()
$f = function () {
return $this->n;
};
class MyClass {
private $n = 42;
}
$myC = new MyClass;
$c = $f->bindTo($myC, "MyClass");
$c();
$f = function () {
return $this->n;
};
class MyClass {
private $n = 42;
}
$myC = new MyClass;
$f->call($myC);
✔ 移除诸多弃用功能
(PHP 4 代码将会崩溃!)
- ext/ereg (use ext/pcre instead)
- preg_replace() eval modifier (use preg_replace_callback() instead)
- ext/mysql (use ext/mysqli or ext/pdo_mysql instead)
- Assignment of new by reference
- Scoped calls of non-static methods from incompatible $this context
- dl() in php-fpm
- set_magic_quotes_runtime() and magic_quotes_runtime()
- set_socket_blocking() (use stream_set_blocking() instead)
- mcrypt_generic_end() (use mcrypt_generic_deinit() instead)
- mcrypt_ecb, mcrypt_cbc, mcrypt_cfb and mcrypt_ofb
(use mcrypt_encrypt() and mcrypt_decrypt() instead)
- datefmt_set_timezone_id() and IntlDateFormatter::setTimeZoneID()
(use datefmt_set_timezone() or IntlDateFormatter::setTimeZone() instead)
- xsl.security_prefs (use XsltProcessor::setSecurityPrefs() instead)
- iconv.input_encoding, iconv.output_encoding, iconv.internal_encoding,
mbstring.http_input, mbstring.http_output and mbstring.internal_encoding
(use php.input_encoding, php.internal_encoding and php.output_encoding instead)
- $is_dst parameter of the mktime() and gmmktime() functions
- # style comments in ini files (use ; style comments instead)
- String category names in setlocale() (use LC_* constants instead)
- Unsafe curl file uploads (use CurlFile instead)
- PDO::PGSQL_ATTR_DISABLE_NATIVE_PREPARED_STATEMENT driver option
(use PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES instead)
- CN_match and SNI_server_name stream context option (use peer_name instead)
✔ 新的保留字:
- bool
- int
- float
- string
- null
- false
- true
- resource
- object
- mixed
- numeric
✔ Windows 系统下支持64位整数
✔ 清除边缘情况下整型溢出/下溢、
✔ 在64位版本中支持长度大于 2^31 字节的字符串
✔ 无效数值型解析错误
$mask = 0855; // 解析错误:无效的数值型
✔ 统一变量语法
// 从左到右
$this->$belongs_to['column']
// 从右到左
$this->{$belongs_to['column']}
// 支持缺失的操作组合
$foo()['bar']()
[$obj1, $obj2][0]->prop
getStr(){0}
// 支持嵌套的 ::
$foo['bar']::$baz
$foo::$bar::$baz
$foo->bar()::baz()
// 支持嵌套的 ()
foo()()
$foo->bar()()
Foo::bar()()
$foo()()
// 支持对任意(...)表达式的操作
(...)['foo']
(...)->foo
(...)->foo()
(...)::$foo
(...)::foo()
(...)()
// 针对上一点,两个更加实用的例子
(function() { ... })()
($obj->closure)()
// 支持对 dereferencable 标量的所有操作
// (用处不是很大)
"string"->toLower()
[$obj, 'method']()
'Foo'::$bar
echo preg_replace('/:-:(.*?):-:/e', '$this->pres->\\1', $text);
echo preg_replace_callback(
'/:-:(.*?):-:/',
function($matches) {
return $this->pres->$matches[1]; // Oops!
},
$text);
% phan -b display.php
Files scanned: 1
Time: 0.13s
Classes: 8
Methods: 55
Functions: 5
Closures: 5
Traits: 0
Conditionals: 307
Issues found: 1
display.php:416 CompatError expression may not be PHP 7 compatible
echo preg_replace_callback(
'/:-:(.*?):-:/',
function($matches) {
return $this->pres->{$matches[1]}; // Ok
},
$text);
✔ Unicode 码点转义语法
echo "\u{202E}Right-to-left text";
echo "\u{1F602}";
Right-to-left text��
✔ ICU IntlChar 类加入 intl 扩展
通用版本预计在2015年10月发布
针对 Wordpress-3.6.0 首页100次请求的耗时与机器指令数量
- zval 的大小从24字节减小到16字节
- 哈希表大小从72字节减小到56字节
- 哈希表 bucket 大小从72字节减小到32字节
- 定长数组优化
$a = [];
for($i=0; $i < 100000;$i++) $a[] = ['abc'];
echo memory_get_usage(true);
// PHP 5.x 43M
// PHP 7.0 6M
- CPU 缓存更大更友好
- 与 jemalloc 相似的内存分配器
- 更快的哈希表迭代 API
- 数组复制优化
- 默认启用 PCRE JIT
- 快速的 ZPP (ZendParseParameters) 执行
- 更快的栈分配 zvals(而不是堆)
- 优化的 VM 调用
- gcc 4.8+ 中的全局寄存器变量
- 加上数百处微优化
运行时编译执行(JIT)?
谎话,弥天大谎,还有基准测试
测试箱规格
- Gigabyte Z87X-UD3H i7-4771 4 cores @ 3.50GHz w/ 16G of Ram @ 1600MHz
- 启用超线程的八个虚拟核
- Toshiba THNSNHH256GBST SSD
- Linux debian 3.16.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.16.7-ckt9-2 (2015-04-13) x86_64 GNU/Linux
- MySQL 5.6.24
- 如无特别指出,所有测试使用 nginx-1.6.2 + php-fpm
- 本地 100Mbps 网络连接
- 对独立机器进行围攻基准测试(siege benchmark)
所有 PHP 版本均在本地使用 gcc-4.9.2 -O2 编译
配置标志
./configure --disable-debug --with-apxs2=/usr/bin/apxs2 \
--enable-zend-signals --with-gd \
--without-pear --with-jpeg-dir=/usr \
--with-png-dir=/usr --with-vpx-dir=/usr \
--with-t1lib=/usr --with-freetype-dir=/usr \
--enable-exif --enable-gd-native-ttf \
--with-zlib --with-mysql=/usr \
--with-gmp --with-zlib-dir=/usr \
--with-gettext --with-kerberos \
--with-imap-ssl --with-mcrypt=/usr/local \
--with-iconv --enable-sockets \
--with-openssl --with-pspell \
--with-pdo-sqlite --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \
--enable-soap --enable-xmlreader \
--enable-phar=shared --with-xsl \
--enable-ftp --enable-cgi \
--with-curl=/usr --with-tidy \
--with-xmlrpc --enable-mbstring \
--enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm \
--enable-shmop --with-readline \
--enable-pcntl --enable-fpm \
--enable-intl --enable-zip \
--with-imap --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \
--enable-calendar --prefix=/usr/local \
--with-mysql-sock=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock \
--with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php7/conf.d \
--with-config-file-path=/etc/php7
php.ini
[PHP]
zend.multibyte=On
date.timezone="America/Los_Angeles"
display_startup_errors=On
zend.enable_gc=Off
include_path="/usr/local/lib/php"
default_charset="UTF-8"
error_reporting=-1
variables_order=GPCS
sendmail_path=""
max_execution_time=60
memory_limit=512M
post_max_size=1024M
cgi.force_redirect=0
cgi.fix_pathinfo=1
magic_quotes=0
magic_quotes_gpc=0
user_ini.filename=
realpath_cache_size=2M
cgi.check_shebang_line=0
max_input_vars=1000
max_file_uploads=50
zend_extension=opcache.so
opcache.enable=1
opcache.memory_consumption=256
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000
opcache.revalidate_freq=60
opcache.fast_shutdown=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
php-fpm.d/www.conf
[www]
user = www-data
group = www-data
listen = /var/run/php-fpm.sock
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
listen.mode = 0660
pm = static
pm.max_children = 10
pm.status_path = /status
ping.path = /ping
ping.response = pong
nginx.conf
user www-data;
worker_processes 4;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 768;
}
http {
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
gzip on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
php.conf
location ~ \.php {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_keep_conn on;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm.sock;
}
hhvm.conf
location ~ \.php$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_keep_conn on;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/hhvm/server.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
}
sites-enabled/wordpress
server {
listen 80;
server_name wordpress;
root /var/www/wordpress;
access_log /var/log/nginx/wordpress-access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/wordpress-error.log;
location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php;
autoindex on;
}
location ~ /\. { return 403; }
include backend.conf;
}
HipHop VM 3.7.0 (rel) from http://dl.hhvm.com/ubuntu
server.ini
pid = /var/run/hhvm/pid
hhvm.server.file_socket = /var/run/hhvm/server.sock
hhvm.server.type = fastcgi
hhvm.server.default_document = index.php
hhvm.log.use_log_file = true
hhvm.log.file = /var/log/hhvm/error.log
hhvm.repo.central.path = /var/run/hhvm/hhvm.hhbc
php.ini
session.save_handler = files
session.save_path = /var/lib/php5
session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440
hhvm.log.level = Warning
hhvm.log.always_log_unhandled_exceptions = true
hhvm.log.runtime_error_reporting_level = 8191
hhvm.mysql.typed_results = false
Drupal 8-git
Wordpress-4.1.1
http://wordpress/?p=1
GCC 反馈制导优化(Feedback-Directed Optimization, FDO)
$ make clean
$ make -j8 prof-gen
...
$ sapi/cgi/php-cgi -T 1000 /var/www/wordpress/index.php > /dev/null
$ make prof-clean
$ make -j8 prof-use
Wordpress-4.1.1
http://wordpress/?p=1
phpBB 3.1.3
http://phpbb/viewforum.php?f=2
MediaWiki 1.24.1
默认首页
Opencart 2.0.2.0
默认安装下的首页
WardrobeCMS 1.2.0
包含一篇短文的首页
Geeklog 2.1.0
默认首页
Magento-1.9.1.1
http://magento/index.php/sale.html (sample data)
Traq 3.5.2
http://traq/test/tickets/1
Had to fix one line of code in the Avalon database library:
diff --git a/database/model.php b/database/model.php
index 6c5f7da..c93e726 100644
--- a/database/model.php
+++ b/database/model.php
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ public function __get($var) {
$belongs_to['column'] = $var . '_id';
}
$model = $belongs_to['model'];
- return $this->$var = $model::find($belongs_to['foreign_key'], $this->$belongs_to['column']);
+ return $this->$var = $model::find($belongs_to['foreign_key'], $this->{$belongs_to['column']});
} else {
$val = $this->$var;
Cachet
包含一件事件的首页
Moodle-2.9-dev
点击默认的首页
ZenCart 1.5.4
包含演示数据的首页
OneAPM for PHP 能够深入到所有 PHP 应用内部完成应用性能管理和监控,包括代码级别性能问题的可见性、性能瓶颈的快速识别与追溯、真实用户体验监控、服务器监控和端到端的应用性能管理。
帮我们一起测试!
它真的简单易用!
安装 Vagrant 与 Virtualbox
之后:
$ git clone https://github.com/rlerdorf/php7dev.git
$ cd php7dev
$ vagrant up
... (takes a bit - it is downloading 1.5G)
$ vagrant ssh
它会 NAT, DHCP 并产生固定的地址 192.168.7.7
http://192.168.7.7/ 会展示 PHP 7 的 phpinfo() 页面。
现在,你的开发环境就部署好啦。
切换 PHP 版本比较繁杂:
vagrant@php7dev:~$ newphp 56
Activating PHP 5.6.6-dev and restarting php-fpm
vagrant@php7dev:~$ newphp 7 debug
Activating PHP 7.0.0-dev and restarting php-fpm
20 个预编译的版本
/usr/local/php53 /usr/local/php54-zts /usr/local/php56-debug-zts
/usr/local/php53-debug /usr/local/php55 /usr/local/php56-zts
/usr/local/php53-debug-zts /usr/local/php55-debug /usr/local/php70
/usr/local/php53-zts /usr/local/php55-debug-zts /usr/local/php70-debug
/usr/local/php54 /usr/local/php55-zts /usr/local/php70-debug-zts
/usr/local/php54-debug /usr/local/php56 /usr/local/php70-zts
/usr/local/php54-debug-zts /usr/local/php56-debug
构建任意版本:
$ makephp 7
Build log in /tmp/build.log
Building PHP 7.0
configuring...
compiling...
installing...
done
Building PHP 7.0-debug
configuring...
compiling...
installing...
done
或手动地
$ cd php-src
$ git checkout PHP-5.6
$ git pull -r
$ make distclean
$ ./buildconf -f
$ ./cn56
$ make
$ sudo make install
请向我们提交 bug!