内核并发控制---互斥量（来自网易）

定义在头文件linux/mutex.h中;
互斥体(mutex)是Linux系统提供的另外一种互斥机制;在Linux内核中是真实存在的;
1).定义互斥体
struct mutex my_mutex;    //定义互斥体
mutex_init(&my_mutex);    //初始化互斥体
2).获取和释放互斥体:
void mutex_lock(struct mutex* lock);               //获取互斥体,不可被信号中断
void mutex_lock_interruptible(struct mutex* lock); //获取互斥体,可被信号打断
int mutex_trylock(struct mutex* lock);             //尝试获取互斥体
void mutex_unlock(struct mutex* lock);             //释放互斥体
3).其它函数:
int mutex_is_locked(struct mutex* lock):
该函数检查互斥锁lock是否处于锁定状态;返回1,表示已锁定;返回0,表示未锁定;
int mutex_lock_interruptible(struct mutex* lock);  //该函数可被信号打断
int mutex_lock_killable(struct mutex* lock);       //该函数可被kill信号打断
4).互斥体的使用模式:
struct mutex my_mutex;   //定义互斥体
mutex_init(&my_mutex);   //初始化互斥体

mutex_lock(&my_mutex);   //获取互斥体
......                   //临界区代码
mutex_unlock(&my_mutex); //释放互斥体
例子:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>

//这三个头文件与内核线程的使用有关;
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/err.h>

//互斥量相关
#include <linux/mutex.h>

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("*************");
MODULE_VERSION("2.6.35.000");

static int sleep_time = (1*10*HZ);
static int shared_res = 0;

//STEP1:定义互斥量
struct mutex my_mutex;

//STEP5:实现线程函数
static int thread_process1(void* param)
{
  //int val = 0, ret = 0;

  while(1)
  {
    set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);

    if(kthread_should_stop())
    {
      printk("kernel thread '%s' should stop;file:%s;line:%d\n", __FUNCTION__, __FILE__, __LINE__);
      break;
    }

    //STEP3:对临界区加锁
    mutex_lock(&my_mutex);
    shared_res++;
    //STEP4:对临界区解锁
    mutex_unlock(&my_mutex);

    mdelay(sleep_time);
  }
  return 12;
};

static int thread_process2(void* param)
{
  //int val = 0, ret = 0;

  while(1)
  {
    set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);

    if(kthread_should_stop())
    {
      printk("kernel thread '%s' should stop;file:%s;line:%d\n", __FUNCTION__, __FILE__, __LINE__);
      break;
    }

    //STEP3:对临界区加锁
    mutex_lock(&my_mutex);
    shared_res++;
    //STEP4:对临界区解锁
    mutex_unlock(&my_mutex);

    msleep(sleep_time);
  }
  return 34;
};

static int thread_process3(void* param)
{
  int val = 0;//, ret = 0;

  while(1)
  {
    set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);

    if(kthread_should_stop())
    {
      printk("kernel thread '%s' should stop;file:%s;line:%d\n", __FUNCTION__, __FILE__, __LINE__);
      break;
    }

    //STEP3:对临界区加锁
    mutex_lock(&my_mutex);
    val = shared_res;
    printk("%s: shared resource = %d;\n%s", __FUNCTION__, val, ((val % 3) ? "" : "\n"));
    //STEP4:对临界区解锁
    mutex_unlock(&my_mutex);

    msleep(sleep_time);
  }
  return 56;
};

static int thread_process4(void* param)
{
  int val = 0;//, ret = 0;

  while(1)
  {
    set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);

    if(kthread_should_stop())
    {
      printk("kernel thread '%s' should stop;file:%s;line:%d\n", __FUNCTION__, __FILE__, __LINE__);
      break;
    }

    //STEP3:对临界区加锁
    mutex_lock(&my_mutex);
    val = shared_res;
    printk("%s: shared resource = %d;\n%s", __FUNCTION__, val, ((val % 3) ? "" : "\n"));
    //STEP4:对临界区解锁
    mutex_unlock(&my_mutex);

    msleep(sleep_time);
  }
  return 78;
};

static struct task_struct* my_thread1 = NULL;
static struct task_struct* my_thread2 = NULL;
static struct task_struct* my_thread3 = NULL;
static struct task_struct* my_thread4 = NULL;

static int __init study_init(void)
{
 int err = 0;
 printk("%s\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);

 //STEP2:初始化互斥量
 mutex_init(&my_mutex);
 printk("init mutex ok\n");

 my_thread1 = kthread_create(thread_process1, NULL, "my_thread1");
 if(IS_ERR(my_thread1))
 {
   err = PTR_ERR(my_thread1);
   my_thread1 = NULL;
   printk(KERN_ERR "unable to start kernel thread1:%d\n", err);
   return err;
 }

 my_thread2 = kthread_create(thread_process2, NULL, "my_thread2");
 if(IS_ERR(my_thread2))
 {
   err = PTR_ERR(my_thread2);
   my_thread2 = NULL;
   printk(KERN_ERR "unable to start kernel thread2:%d\n", err);
   return err;
 }

 my_thread3 = kthread_create(thread_process3, NULL, "my_thread3");
 if(IS_ERR(my_thread3))
 {
   err = PTR_ERR(my_thread3);
   my_thread3 = NULL;
   printk(KERN_ERR "unable to start kernel thread3:%d\n", err);
   return err;
 }

 my_thread4 = kthread_create(thread_process4, NULL, "my_thread4");
 if(IS_ERR(my_thread4))
 {
   err = PTR_ERR(my_thread4);
   my_thread4 = NULL;
   printk(KERN_ERR "unable to start kernel thread4:%d\n", err);
   return err;
 }

 wake_up_process(my_thread1);
 wake_up_process(my_thread2);
 wake_up_process(my_thread3);
 wake_up_process(my_thread4);
 printk("%s:all kernel thread start;\n", __FUNCTION__);
 return 0;
}

static void __exit study_exit(void)
{
 int ret = -1;
 printk("%s\n",__PRETTY_FUNCTION__);

 if(my_thread1)
 {
   ret = kthread_stop(my_thread1);
   my_thread1 = NULL;
   printk("kernel thread1 stop,exit code is %d;\n",ret);
 }

 if(my_thread2)
 {
   ret = kthread_stop(my_thread2);
   my_thread2 = NULL;
   printk("kernel thread2 stop,exit code is %d;\n",ret);
 }

 if(my_thread3)
 {
   ret = kthread_stop(my_thread3);
   my_thread3 = NULL;
   printk("kernel thread3 stop,exit code is %d;\n",ret);
 }

 if(my_thread4)
 {
   ret = kthread_stop(my_thread4);
   my_thread4 = NULL;
   printk("kernel thread4 stop,exit code is %d;\n",ret);
 }

 printk("%s:all kernel thread stop;\n", __FUNCTION__);
}

module_init(study_init);
module_exit(study_exit);