TMMI_测试过程改进框架_管理级别5_测试计划_5

SG 4 Develop a Test Plan 开发测试计划

A test plan is established and maintained as the basis for managing testing and communication to stakeholders.

测试计划被建立和维护，来作为管理测试和于利益相关人沟通的基础。

SP 4.1 Establish the test schedule 建立测试进度表

The test schedule, with predefined stages of manageable size, is established and maintained based on the developed test estimate and defined test lifecycle. Example work products 1. Test schedule Sub-practices 1. Identify test scheduling constraints such as task duration, resources, and inputs needed 2. Identify test task dependencies 3. Define the test schedule (timing of testing activities, test lifecycle phases and test milestones) 4. Document assumptions made in defining the test schedule 5. Establish corrective action criteria for determining what constitutes a significant deviation from the test plan and may indicate a need for rescheduling.

在预定义的可管理大小的阶段，测试进度表被建立，建立的基础是先进的测试评估和已定义测试周期。

例子工作产品：1. 明确测试进度表，比如任务持续时间，资源，需要的输入。 2. 明确测试任务依赖。  3. 定义测试时间表。 4. 对定义测试进度表的假定文档化。 5.建立正确的行为关键点来明确哪些明显的背离了测试计划，并且可能指示一个新进度的需求。

SP 4.2 Plan for test staffing 测试人员规划

A plan is created for the availability of the necessary test staff resources who have the required knowledge and skills to perform the testing. 必须的测试人员的规划被建立起来，这些人员有需要的知识和技能来执行测试。

Example work products 1. Staffing requirements 2. Inventory of skill needs 3. Staffing and new hire plan 4. Test training plan Sub-practices 1. Determine staffing requirements based on the work breakdown structure, test estimate and test schedule 2. Identify knowledge and skills needed to perform the test tasks 3. Assess the knowledge and skills available 4. Select mechanisms for providing needed knowledge and skills Examples of mechanisms include the following:  In-house training  External training  Coaching  External skill acquisition 5. Incorporate selected mechanisms into the test plan

例子工作产品： 1. 需要的员工， 2. 需要的技术盘查， 3. 员工和新人计划， 4. 测试培训计划。

子实践：1. 决定员工从任务细分框架出发的需要。测试评估和测试进度表。 2， 明确需要的知识技能。 3 评估技术和知识可用。

SP 4.3 Plan stakeholder involvement 相关关联责任人计划

A plan is created for the involvement of the identified stakeholders. Stakeholders are identified from all phase of the test lifecycle by identifying the type of people and functions needing during the testing activities. Stakeholders are also identified by their relevance and the degree of interaction for the specific testing activities. A two-dimensional matrix with stakeholders along one axis and testing activities along the other axis is convenient for accomplishing this identification. Example work products 1. Stakeholder involvement plan

一个计划被创建来包含明确的责任人。责任人在测试生命周期所有阶段都要被明确。利益相关人同时被明确通过他们的相关性和测试活动的交叉程度。例子工作产品： 责任人包含计划

SP 4.4 Identify test project risks  明确测试项目风险

The test project risks associated with testing are identified, analyzed and documented. Example work products 1. Identified test project risks 2. Prioritized test project risk list 3. Test project risk mitigation plans Sub-practices 1. Identify test project risks Examples of project risk identification techniques include the following:  Brainstorming  Expert interviews  Checklists 2. Analyze the identified test project risks in terms of likelihood and impact 3. Prioritize the analyzed test project risks 4. Review and obtain agreement with stakeholders on the completeness and priority level of the documented test project risks 5. Define contingencies and mitigation actions for the (high priority) test project risks 6. Revise the test project risks as appropriate Examples of when test project risks may need to be revised include:  When new test project risks are identified  When the likelihood of a test project risk changes  When test project risks are retired  When testing circumstances change significantly

测试项目风险被定义，分析和文档化。

例子工作产品：1.明确测试项目风险。2. 优先测试项目风险列表。 3。 减少测试项目风险。 

子实践：明确测试项目风险，头脑风暴，专家面谈，检查表。 2. 分析和验证测试项目风险 3。。。

SP 4.5 Establish the test plan 建立测试计划

The test plan is established and maintained as a basis for managing testing and guiding the communication with the stakeholders. The results of previous practices are documented in an overall test plan, tying together the information in a logical manner. Example work products 1. Test plan Examples of elements of a test plan include the following [after IEEE 829]:  Test plan identifier  An overall introduction  Non-compliances with the test strategy and the rationale  Items to be tested (including priority level) and not to be tested  Features to be tested (including priority level) and not to be tested  Test approach (e.g., test design techniques)  Entry and exit criteria  Suspension and resumption criteria  Test milestones and work products  Test lifecycle and tasks  Environmental needs and requirements (including office environment)  Staffing and training needs  Stakeholder involvement  Test estimate  Test schedule  Test project risks and contingencies Refer to the Test Environment process area for information on environmental needs and requirements.

测试计划被建立和维护作为管理测试和指导相关利益人沟通的基础。前面的时间被文档化在测试计划中。尝试结合这些信息使用合理逻辑的习惯。

例子工作产品： 1 测试计划  

1. 测试计划编号
2. 简介
3. 与测试策略和基础不一致的地方
4. 需要测试的不需要测试的地方
5. 进出标准
6. 暂停，重启标准
7. 测试里程碑和工作产品
8. 测试生命周期和任务
9. 环境需要和需求
10. 员工和培训
11. 利益相关人
12. 测试评估
13. 测试进度表
14. 测试项目风险