TMMI_测试过程改进框架_已定义级别6_测试组织_7

Generic Practices by Goals 通用实践通用目标

GG 2 Institutionalize a Managed Process 制度化管理流程

GP 2.1 Establish an organizational policy 建立组织方针

Establish and maintain an organizational policy for planning and performing the Test Organization process. Elaboration The test organization policy typically specifies:  The test group is recognized as an organizational entity  Tasks and responsibilities, and the position of the test group in the overall organization  The level of independence of the test group within the overall organization and projects  Testing is recognized as a profession  Test functions and career paths are identified and institutionalized Examples of test functions include:  Test manager  Test team leader  Test designer  Test engineer  Test consultant  Test environment engineer  The standard test process (including templates) that is defined and maintained by the test organization is consistently applied  The approach to test metrics, test databases, test tools, and test re-use  The test activities that the test organization facilitates and/or coordinates in projects  The test evaluation report (lessons learned) that each (test) project will provide for use in improving the standard test process  The objectives and organizational structure regarding test process improvement  The approach for planning, implementing and deploying test process improvements across the organization

GP 2.2 Plan the process

Establish and maintain the plan for performing the Test Organization process. Elaboration The plan called for in this generic practice addresses the comprehensive organizational planning for all of the specific practices in this process area required to achieve the specific goals. The “test process improvement plan” is part of the specific practices within this process area and is therefore not the plan referred to by this generic practice. 

GP 2.3 Provide resources

Provide adequate resources for performing the Test Organization process, developing the test work products, and providing the services of the process. Elaboration  An annual budget is available for test organizational activities, e.g., for test process improvement  Appropriate facilities and tools are made available to perform the test organizational activities  Fully operational office environment and infrastructure for the test organization is available

GP 2.4 Assign responsibilities

Assign responsibility and authority for performing the Test Organization process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the Test Organization process. Elaboration A resource manager is designated to be responsible for managing the test group. Managing the standard test process is often delegated to a test technology manager. In addition a management steering committee for test process improvement is established and assigned responsibility to provide management sponsorship. Examples of test organization responsibilities to be assigned include the following:  Representing the test group in the overall organization  Human resource management for the test specialists and their career paths  Test process management and improvement  Facilitating the testing activities carried out within the projects

GP 2.5 Train people

Train the people performing or supporting the Test Organization process as needed. Elaboration Examples of training topics include the following:  Human resource management training  Staff appraisal sessions  Coaching test professionals  TMMi and other test process improvement reference models  Planning and managing test process improvement  Change management Note that training for (test) engineers and (test) managers on the standard test process and supporting test tools is addressed as part of the process area Test Training Program.

GP 2.6 Manage configurations

Place selected work products of the Test Organization process under appropriate levels of configuration control. Elaboration Examples of work products placed under configuration management include the following:  Test organization description  Job descriptions for test functions  Test career paths descriptions  Personal career development plans  Test assessment reports  Test process improvement plans  Deployment plans

GP 2.7 Identify and involve relevant stakeholders

Identify and involve relevant stakeholders of the Test Organization process as planned. Elaboration Examples of stakeholder involvement include the following:  Senior management for addressing commitment to a test organization  Human Resource Management for support and alignment regarding test function descriptions and career development plans  Process improvement officer for alignment to other process improvement initiatives, e.g., software process improvement

GP 2.8 Monitor and control the process

Monitor and control the Test Organization process against the plan for performing the process and take appropriate actions. Elaboration Examples of measures used in monitoring and control the Test Organization process include the following:  Actual number of test specialists per test function versus planned number of test specialists per test function  Percentage of test specialists for which a personal test career development plan exists  Number of test process improvement proposals submitted, accepted and/or implemented  Schedules for the deployment of organization test process assets  Percentage of projects using the organization’s current set of standard test processes (or tailored version of the same)

GP 2.9 Objectively evaluate adherence

Objectively evaluate adherence of the Test Organizational process and selected work products against the process description, standards, and procedures, and address any areas of noncompliance. Elaboration Examples of review and/or audit topics for evaluation and adherence include the following:  Operational performance test organization  Test staff members assigned to defined test function  Career development plans  Planning and coordinating test process improvement activities  Deployment of the organization’s set of standard test processes on projects  Test process improvement plans  Test process deployment plans 

GP 2.10 Review status with higher level management

Review the activities, status and results of the Test Organization process with higher level management and resolve issues. Elaboration Examples of issues to be reviewed with higher level management include the following:  Performance of the test organization  Number of open test positions  Status of improvements being developed by action teams  Results of pilots and deployments

GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process 制度化已定义流程

GP 3.1 Establish a defined process

Establish and maintain a description of the defined Test Organization process

GP 3.2 Collect improvement information 搜集提升信息

Collect process related experiences derived from planning and performing the Test Organization process to support the future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets. Elaboration Examples of measures include the following:  Number of test specialists in the test organization  Test employee turnover  Level of application regarding the standard test process  Assessment findings that address strengths and weaknesses of the organization’s test process  Status of improvement activities against schedule

从驱动计划和实施测试组织流程搜集过程相关经验来支持未来使用和提升卒子的流程和流程资产。详细的衡量例子包括：测试人员的数量。2. 测试员工失误，3.标准测试流程的应用水平。3.评估发现来跟踪组织测试流程的优缺点，4.提升行为的状态。