本文章完成的是读入bmp图片、将数据存入矩阵/TXT文件、保存图片的功能。
在开始之前,我们需要了解bmp位图的存储方式:
BMP文件的数据按照从文件头开始的先后顺序分为四个部分:
(1)bmp文件头(bmp file header):提供文件的格式、大小等信息
(2)位图信息头(bitmap information):提供图像数据的尺寸、位平面数、压缩方式、颜色索引等信息
(3)调色板(color palette):可选,如使用索引来表示图像,调色板就是索引与其对应的颜色的映射表
(4)位图数据(bitmap data):图像数据,像素按照从下到上、从左到右的顺序每行占用的空间必须是4的整数倍
read_save.h
#include<fstream>
#include<windows.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
unsigned char *pBmpBuf;//读入图像数据的指针
int bmpWidth;//图像的宽
int bmpHeight;//图像的高
RGBQUAD *pColorTable;//颜色表指针
int biBitCount;//图像类型,每像素位数
//显示位图文件头信息
void showBmpHead(BITMAPFILEHEADER pBmpHead){
cout << "\n位图文件头:" << endl;
cout << "文件大小:" << pBmpHead.bfSize << endl;
cout << "保留字_1:" << pBmpHead.bfReserved1 << endl;
cout << "保留字_2:" << pBmpHead.bfReserved2 << endl;
cout << "实际位图数据的偏移字节数:" << pBmpHead.bfOffBits << endl << endl;
}
//显示位图信息头信息
void showBmpInforHead(BITMAPINFOHEADER pBmpInforHead){
cout << "\n位图信息头:" << endl;
cout << "结构体的长度:" << pBmpInforHead.biSize << endl;
cout << "位图宽:" << pBmpInforHead.biWidth << endl;
cout << "位图高:" << pBmpInforHead.biHeight << endl;
cout << "biPlanes平面数:" << pBmpInforHead.biPlanes << endl;
cout << "biBitCount采用颜色位数:" << pBmpInforHead.biBitCount << endl;
cout << "压缩方式:" << pBmpInforHead.biCompression << endl;
cout << "biSizeImage实际位图数据占用的字节数:" << pBmpInforHead.biSizeImage << endl;
cout << "X方向分辨率:" << pBmpInforHead.biXPelsPerMeter << endl;
cout << "Y方向分辨率:" << pBmpInforHead.biYPelsPerMeter << endl;
cout << "使用的颜色数:" << pBmpInforHead.biClrUsed << endl;
cout << "重要颜色数:" << pBmpInforHead.biClrImportant << endl;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//给定一个图像位图数据、宽、高、颜色表指针及每像素所占的位数等信息,将其写到指定文件中
bool readBmp(char *bmpName)
{
FILE *fp = fopen(bmpName, "rb");//二进制读方式打开指定的图像文件
if (fp == 0)
return 0;
//跳过位图文件头结构BITMAPFILEHEADER
fseek(fp, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), 0);
/*
BITMAPFILEHEADER filehead;
fread(&filehead, 1, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), fp);
showBmpHead(filehead);//显示文件头
*/
//定义位图信息头结构变量,读取位图信息头进内存,存放在变量head中
BITMAPINFOHEADER infohead;
fread(&infohead, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1, fp); //获取图像宽、高、每像素所占位数等信息
bmpWidth = infohead.biWidth;
bmpHeight = infohead.biHeight;
biBitCount = infohead.biBitCount;//定义变量,计算图像每行像素所占的字节数(必须是4的倍数)
showBmpInforHead(infohead);//显示信息头
int lineByte = (bmpWidth * biBitCount / 8 + 3) / 4 * 4;//灰度图像有颜色表,且颜色表表项为256
if (biBitCount == 8)
{
//申请颜色表所需要的空间,读颜色表进内存
pColorTable = new RGBQUAD[256];
fread(pColorTable, sizeof(RGBQUAD), 256, fp);
}
//申请位图数据所需要的空间,读位图数据进内存
pBmpBuf = new unsigned char[lineByte * bmpHeight];
fread(pBmpBuf, 1, lineByte * bmpHeight, fp);
fclose(fp);//关闭文件
return 1;//读取文件成功
}
//保存图片
bool saveBmp(char *bmpName, unsigned char *imgBuf, int width, int height, int biBitCount, RGBQUAD *pColorTable)
{
//如果位图数据指针为0,则没有数据传入,函数返回
if (!imgBuf)
return 0;
//颜色表大小,以字节为单位,灰度图像颜色表为1024字节,彩色图像颜色表大小为0
int colorTablesize = 0;
if (biBitCount == 8)
colorTablesize = 1024;
//待存储图像数据每行字节数为4的倍数
int lineByte = (width * biBitCount / 8 + 3) / 4 * 4;
//以二进制写的方式打开文件
FILE *fp = fopen(bmpName, "wb");
if (fp == 0)
return 0;
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//申请位图文件头结构变量,填写文件头信息
BITMAPFILEHEADER fileHead;
fileHead.bfType = 0x4D42;//bmp类型
//bfSize是图像文件4个组成部分之和
fileHead.bfSize = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + colorTablesize + lineByte*height;
fileHead.bfReserved1 = 0;
fileHead.bfReserved2 = 0;
//bfOffBits是图像文件前3个部分所需空间之和
fileHead.bfOffBits = 54 + colorTablesize;
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//写文件头进文件
fwrite(&fileHead, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER), 1, fp);
//申请位图信息头结构变量,填写信息头信息
BITMAPINFOHEADER infohead;
infohead.biBitCount = biBitCount;
infohead.biClrImportant = 0;
infohead.biClrUsed = 0;
infohead.biCompression = 0;
infohead.biHeight = height;
infohead.biPlanes = 1;
infohead.biSize = 40;
infohead.biSizeImage = lineByte*height;
infohead.biWidth = width;
infohead.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
infohead.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
//写位图信息头进内存
fwrite(&infohead, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1, fp);
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//如果灰度图像,有颜色表,写入文件
if (biBitCount == 8)
fwrite(pColorTable, sizeof(RGBQUAD), 256, fp);
//写位图数据进文件
fwrite(imgBuf, height*lineByte, 1, fp);
//关闭文件
fclose(fp);
return 1;
}
read.cpp
#include<cstdlib>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<iomanip>
#include"readbmp.h"
#include"savebmp.h"
using namespace std;
//unsigned int out_r[2000][2000];
//unsigned int out_g[2000][2000];
//unsigned int out_b[2000][2000];
unsigned int **out_r;
unsigned int **out_g;
unsigned int **out_b;
void doIt()
{
char readPath[] = "D:\\C++_file\\image_deal_C++\\read_BMP\\lunpan.bmp";
readBmp(readPath);
// 输出整体图像信息
cout << "\nwidth=" << bmpWidth << "\nheight=" << bmpHeight << "\nbiBitCount=" << biBitCount << endl;
// 图像的字节数
int linebyte1 = (bmpWidth*biBitCount / 8 + 3) / 4 * 4;
int n = 0, m = 0, count_xiang_su = 0;
out_r = new unsigned int *[bmpHeight]; //开辟指针数组
for (int i = 0; i<bmpHeight; i++)
out_r[i] = new unsigned int[bmpWidth];
out_g = new unsigned int *[bmpHeight]; //开辟指针数组
for (int i = 0; i<bmpHeight; i++)
out_g[i] = new unsigned int[bmpWidth];
out_b = new unsigned int *[bmpHeight]; //开辟指针数组
for (int i = 0; i<bmpHeight; i++)
out_b[i] = new unsigned int[bmpWidth];
//初始化原始像素的数组。
if (biBitCount == 8)
{
for (int i = 0; i<bmpHeight / 2; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j<bmpWidth / 2; j++)
*(pBmpBuf + i*linebyte1 + j) = 0;
}
}
if (biBitCount == 24)
{
for (int i = 0; i<bmpHeight; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j<bmpWidth; j++)
{
for (int k = 0; k<3; k++)//每像素RGB三个分量分别置0才变成黑色
{
m = *(pBmpBuf + i*linebyte1 + j * 3 + k);
count_xiang_su++;
}
n++;
}
}
cout << "总的像素个素为:" << n << endl;
cout << "----------------------------------------------------" << endl;
}
if (biBitCount == 24)
{
for (int i = 0; i<bmpHeight; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j<bmpWidth; j++)
{
out_r[bmpHeight - 1 - i][j] = pBmpBuf[j * 3 + 2 + bmpWidth*i * 3];
out_g[bmpHeight - 1 - i][j] = pBmpBuf[j * 3 + 1 + bmpWidth *i * 3];
out_b[bmpHeight - 1 - i][j] = pBmpBuf[j * 3 + bmpWidth *i * 3];
}
}
// for (int i = 0; i<bmpHeight; i++)
// {
// for (int j = 0; j<bmpWidth; j++)
// {
// cout<<out_r[i][j]<<endl;
// cout << out_g[i][j] << endl;
// cout << out_b[i][j] << endl;
// }
// }
}
//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/*//将像素数据存入TXT文件。
ofstream outfile;
outfile.open("rrbmp.txt", ios::in | ios::trunc);
if(!outfile) cout << "error" << endl;
for (int i = 0; i<bmpHeight; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j<bmpWidth; j++)
{
outfile << out_r[i][j] << " ";
//cout << out_g[i][j] << endl;
//cout << out_b[i][j] << endl;
}
outfile << "\n";
}
outfile.close();
*/
// jiang tuxiang shuju cunpan .
char writePath[] = "D:\\C++_file\\image_deal_C++\\read_BMP\\1.bmp";
saveBmp(writePath, pBmpBuf, bmpWidth, bmpHeight, biBitCount, pColorTable);
//清除缓冲区,pBmpBuf和pColorTable是全局变量,在文件读入时申请的空间
delete[]pBmpBuf;
if (biBitCount == 8)
delete[]pColorTable;
}
//
int main()
{
doIt();
system("pause");
return 0;
}