C++多态

1.封装一个动物的基类，类中有私有成员：姓名，颜色，指针成员年纪再封装一个狗这样类，共有继承于动物类，自己拓展的私有成员有：指针成员：腿的个数（整型 int count），共有成员函数：会叫：void speak()要求：分别完成基类和派生类中的：构造函数、析构函数、拷贝构造函数、拷贝赋值函数eg : Dog d1;Dog d2(.....);Dog d3(d2);d1 = d3;

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Animal
{
private:
    string name;
    string color;
    int *age;
public:
    Animal(){}
    Animal(string name, string color, int age):name(name),color(color),age(new int(age))
    {
        cout << "父类有参构造函数" << endl;
    }
    ~Animal()
    {}
    void speak()
    {
        cout << "汪汪" << endl;
    }
    Animal(const Animal &other):name(other.name),color(other.color),age(new int(*other.age))
    {
        cout << "Animal::拷贝构造函数" << endl;
    }
    Animal &operator=(const Animal &other)
    {
        //避免自己给自己赋值
        if(this != &other)
        {
            name=other.name;
            color=other.color;
            age=new int(*other.age);
        }
        cout << "Animal::拷贝构造函数" << endl;
        return *this;
    }
     void show()
     {
         cout << "name: " << name << endl;
         cout << "age: " << *age << endl;
         cout << "color: " << color  << endl;
     }
};

class Dog:public Animal
{
private:
    int *tu;


public:
    Dog(){}
    Dog(int tu,string name,string color,int age):Animal(name,color,age),tu(new int(tu))
    {
        cout << "子类的有参构造"<<endl;
    }
    Dog(const Dog &other):Animal(other),tu(new int(*other.tu))
    {
        cout << "Dog::拷贝构造函数" << endl;
    }

    ~Dog()
    {
        cout << "Dog::析构函数" << endl;
    }
    Dog &operator=(const Dog &other)
    {
        if(this != &other)
        {
            Animal::operator=(other);
            tu = new int(*other.tu);
        }
        cout << "dog::拷贝赋值函数" << endl;
        return *this;
    }
    void show()
    {
        cout <<"子类::show" << endl;
        cout << *tu << endl;
    }

};
int main()
{
        Dog d1(4, "小黄", "黄" , 3);
        Dog d2(d1);
        Dog d3;
        d3 = d2;
        d3.speak();
        d1.show();
        d1.Animal::show();

    return 0;
}

 

 

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Animal
{
private:
    string name;
    string chc;  //特征

public:
    Animal(){}
    Animal(string name,string chc):name(name),chc(chc)
    {}
    virtual void perform() = 0;

    virtual ~Animal()
    {
        cout << "虚析构函数" << endl;
    }
    void show()
    {
        cout << name << endl;
        cout << chc  << endl;
    }
};


class Lion:public Animal
{
private:
   string name;
public:
    Lion(){}
    Lion(string name, string chc, string n):Animal(name,chc),name(n)
    {}
   void perform()
   {
       cout << "它表演吼叫，很有威慑力" << endl << endl;
   }
   ~Lion()
   {
       cout << "Lion::虚构函数" << endl;
   }
   void show()
   {
       cout << name << endl;
   }
};

class Elephant:public Animal
{
private:
    string name;
public:
    Elephant(){}
    Elephant(string name,string chc, string n):Animal(name,chc),name(n)
    {}
    void perform()
    {
        cout << "它会用鼻子吃东西" << endl;
    }
    ~Elephant()
    {
        cout << "Elephant::虚析构函数" << endl;
    }
    void show()
    {
        cout << name << endl;
    }
};
int main()
{

    Lion s("狮子" , "凶猛" , "不要靠近");

    Animal *p = &s; //父类指针指向子类对象
    s.Animal::show();
    p->perform();   //重写虚函数

    Elephant e("大象" , "鼻子长" ," 远离");
    Animal *p1 = &e;
    e.Animal::show();
    p1->perform();
    return 0;
}