hibernate的主键生成策略

下面我以学生实体类，工人实体类来解说

package com.hsl.two.entity;
/**
 * 学生实体类
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class Student {
	private Integer sid;
	private String sname;

	public Integer getSid() {
		return sid;
	}

	public void setSid(Integer sid) {
		this.sid = sid;
	}

	public String getSname() {
		return sname;
	}

	public void setSname(String sname) {
		this.sname = sname;
	}

	public Student(Integer sid, String sname) {
		super();
		this.sid = sid;
		this.sname = sname;
	}

	public Student() {
		super();
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [sid=" + sid + ", sname=" + sname + "]";
	}

}

package com.hsl.two.entity;
/**
 * 工人实体类
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class Worker {
	private String wid;
	private String wname;
	public String getWid() {
		return wid;
	}
	public void setWid(String wid) {
		this.wid = wid;
	}
	public String getWname() {
		return wname;
	}
	public void setWname(String wname) {
		this.wname = wname;
	}
	public Worker(String wid, String wname) {
		super();
		this.wid = wid;
		this.wname = wname;
	}
	public Worker() {
		super();
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Worker [wid=" + wid + ", wname=" + wname + "]";
	}
	
}

主键生成器

generator元素：表示了一个主键生成器，它用来为持久化类实例生成唯一的标识。

1.1 程序员自己控制：assigned

1.2 数据库控制: identity(标识列/自动增长) sequence

1.3 hibernate控制:increment uuid/uuid.hex

1.4 其它:native

公司名_模块名_时间戳

配置相应的*.hbm.xml文件

Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.hsl.two.entity.Student" table="t_hibernate_student">
		<id name="sid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="sid">
			<generator class="assigned" /><!-- 程序员自己定义 -->
<!--  			<generator class="increment" /> hibernate控制 -->
			<!-- <generator class="sequence" /> -->
			<!-- <generator class="sequence" > <param name="sequence_name">aaa</param> 
				</generator> -->
			<!-- <generator class="com.javaxl.two.id.Myts" /> -->
		</id>
		<property name="sname" type="java.lang.String" column="sname">
		</property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Worker.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.hsl.two.entity.Worker" table="t_hibernate_worker">
		<id name="wid" type="java.lang.String" column="wid">
<!-- 			<generator class="assigned" />自定义 -->
<!--  				<generator class="uuid" /> 随机的id -->
			<!-- <generator class="sequence" /> -->
			<!-- <generator class="sequence" > <param name="sequence_name">aaa</param> 
				</generator> -->
			
		</id>

		<property name="wname" type="java.lang.String" column="wname">
		</property>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

hibernate.cfg.xml文件添加实体类映射文件

<mapping resource="com/hsl/two/entity/Student.hbm.xml" />
		<mapping resource="com/hsl/two/entity/Worker.hbm.xml" />

主键生成器要求

2.1 assigned
数据类型不限、保存前必须赋值

2.2 identity
数字，无需赋值

2.3 sequence
数字，无需赋值， 默认使hibernate_sequence这个序列，
也可以通过sequence/sequence_name参数赋值

2.4 increment
数字，无需赋值

2.5 uuid/uuid.hex (是由容器自动生成的一个32位的字符串，.hex代表的是十六进制)
32位的字符串，无需赋值，

2.6 native
等于identity+sequence

使用SessionFactoryUtils工具类

package com.hsl.two.util;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
 * 该类的作用：
 * 1简化代码
 * 2检测hibernate的相关配置是否正确
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class SessionFactoryUtils {
	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	static {
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");
		sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
	}
	
	public static Session openSession() {
		Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
		if(session == null) {
			session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		}
		return session;
	}
	
	public static void closeSession() {
		Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
		if(session != null && session.isOpen()) {
			session.close();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		session.beginTransaction();
		System.out.println(session.isConnected());
		SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();
		System.out.println(session.isConnected());
	}
}

写一个含有添加方法的dao类

package com.hsl.two.dao;

import java.io.Serializable;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

import com.hsl.two.entity.Student;
import com.hsl.two.entity.Worker;
import com.hsl.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;

public class DomeDao {
	/**
	 * 添加学生
	 * @param student
	 * @return
	 */
	public Serializable addStudent(Student student) {
		Session session=SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();//获取session 对象
		Transaction transaction= session.beginTransaction();//开启事务
		Serializable save=session.save(student);//操作数据库
		transaction.commit();//提交数据
		SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();//释放资源
		return save;
	}
	/**
	 * 添加工人
	 * @param worker
	 * @return
	 */
	public Serializable addWorker(Worker worker) {
		Session session=SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();//获取session 对象
		Transaction transaction= session.beginTransaction();//开启事务
		Serializable save=session.save(worker);//操作数据库
		transaction.commit();//提交数据
		SessionFactoryUtils.closeSession();//释放资源
		return save;
	}
	
}

创建对应dao类的junit测试类

package com.hsl.two.dao;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.io.Serializable;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.hsl.two.entity.Student;
import com.hsl.two.entity.Worker;

public class DomeDaoTest {
	DomeDao domeDao=new DomeDao();
	@Test
	public void testAddStudent() {
		Student student=new Student();
	//assigned程序员自己控制
//		student.setSid(15);
//		student.setSname("qqqqqq");
	
	//increment：hibernate控制
		student.setSname("qqqqqq2");
		domeDao.addStudent(student);
		
	}

	@Test
	public void testAddWorker() {
		Worker worker=new Worker();
			//assigned程序员自己控制
//		worker.setWid("23");
//		worker.setWname("ppp");

//uuid:hibernate控制
//		worker.setWname("ppp2");

// native控制（自定义）
		worker.setWname("ppp3");
		System.out.println("-----------------------");
		Serializable addWorker = domeDao.addWorker(worker);
		System.out.println(addWorker);
	}
	
	
}

几种不同的方式分别展示结果：
1.assigned程序员自己控制
学生


工人：

2.increment：hibernate控制
学生：


工人：


3.native

（用native实现效果的代码在下面↓↓↓↓）

自定义主键生成器

创建实现org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGenerator接口的类

package com.hsl.two.id;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.engine.spi.SharedSessionContractImplementor;
import org.hibernate.id.IdentifierGenerator;

public class Myts implements IdentifierGenerator {

	@Override
	public Serializable generate(SharedSessionContractImplementor arg0, Object arg1) throws HibernateException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH-mm-ss");
		return "Worker_table+"+sdf.format(new Date());
	}

}

Worker.hbm.xml使用自定义主键生成器

<generator class="com.hsl.two.id.Myts" />