IntentService源码详解

IntentService可以做什么：
如果你有一个任务，分成n个子任务，需要它们按照顺序完成。如果需要放到一个服务中完成，那么IntentService就会使最好的选择。

IntentService是什么：
IntentService是一个Service（看起来像废话，但是我第一眼看到这个名字，首先注意的是Intent啊。），所以如果自定义一个IntentService的话，一定要在AndroidManifest.xml里面声明。
从上面的“可以做什么”我们大概可以猜测一下IntentService要有什么特性。
首先要明确的是，如果在Activity中启动一个Service，那么这个Service是在主线程中的。所以在IntentService中需要一个工作线程来完成Intent请求。从IntentService的定义可以印证该猜测：

IntentService is a base class for Services that handle asynchronous requests (expressed as Intents) on demand. Clients send requests through startService(Intent) calls; the service is started as needed, handles each Intent in turn using a worker thread, and stops itself when it runs out of work.

IntentService用来按要求处理异步请求（以Intent的方式发送的）。客户端通过调用startService(Intent)发送请求，服务会按照要求启动，用自己的工作线程（区别于UI主线程）处理每个Intent（请求），当完成所有的请求之后，自动关闭。

IntentService源码解析：
干货来了！IntentService代码包含了一个工作线程Thread、工作线程的Looper、工作线程的Handler。工作线程用来干活的，Looper用来让线程运转起来的，Handler负责向线程传送工作内容的。IntentService的源码简洁透彻的体现了这一个机制。光是看看这个机制就值了。源码如下：
路径：alps\frameworks\base\core\java\android\app\IntentService.java

public abstract class IntentService extends Service {  
    private volatile Looper mServiceLooper;  
    private volatile ServiceHandler mServiceHandler;  
    private String mName;  
    private boolean mRedelivery;  

    private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {  
        public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {  
            super(looper);  
        }  

        @Override  
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
//自定义的IntentService子类主要就是实现onHandleIntent这个函数了。注意执行完这个之后就
        //stopSelf了，传入的参数是startId。  
        onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);  
        stopSelf(msg.arg1);  
    }  
}  

/** 
 * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor. 
 * 
 * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging. 
 */  
public IntentService(String name) {  
    super();  
    mName = name;  
}  

/** 
 * Sets intent redelivery preferences.  Usually called from the constructor 
 * with your preferred semantics. 
 * 
 * <p>If enabled is true, 
 * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return 
 * {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before 
 * {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted 
 * and the intent redelivered.  If multiple Intents have been sent, only 
 * the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered. 
 * 
 * <p>If enabled is false (the default), 
 * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return 
 * {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent 
 * dies along with it. 
 */  
public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {  
    mRedelivery = enabled;  
}  

@Override  
public void onCreate() {  
    // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock  
    // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)  
    // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.  

    super.onCreate();
//好好看看下面这个代码，启动了一个工作线程，获取线程的Looper，然后用这个Looper初始化Handler句柄
//这样以后可以直接用mHandler.sendMessage的方式将任务直接放到工作线程了。 
    HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");  
    thread.start();  

    mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();  
    mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);  
}  

@Override  
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
//从消息队列中获取一个消息，一般都是用这种方式初始化一个消息，而不是用new message()形式
    //效率更高，代码更健壮  
    Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();  
    msg.arg1 = startId;//  
    msg.obj = intent;//这个就是startService的时候传入的Intent了，  
    mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);//将包含请求内容Intent的message传入到工作线程中  
}  

/** 
 * You should not override this method for your IntentService. Instead, 
 * override {@link #onHandleIntent}, which the system calls when the IntentService 
 * receives a start request. 
 * @see android.app.Service#onStartCommand 
 */  
@Override  
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        //注意调用了onStart，和它传入的值。  
        onStart(intent, startId);  
        return mRedelivery ? START_REDELIVER_INTENT : START_NOT_STICKY;  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void onDestroy() {  
        mServiceLooper.quit();  
    }  

    /** 
     * Unless you provide binding for your service, you don't need to implement this 
     * method, because the default implementation returns null.  
     * @see android.app.Service#onBind 
     */  
    @Override  
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {  
        return null;  
    }  

    /** 
     * This method is invoked on the worker thread with a request to process. 
     * Only one Intent is processed at a time, but the processing happens on a 
     * worker thread that runs independently from other application logic. 
     * So, if this code takes a long time, it will hold up other requests to 
     * the same IntentService, but it will not hold up anything else. 
     * When all requests have been handled, the IntentService stops itself, 
     * so you should not call {@link #stopSelf}. 
     * 
     * @param intent The value passed to {@link 
     *               android.content.Context#startService(Intent)}. 
     */  
    protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);  
}

从线程分析：
如果是自定义IntentService的话，可以在函数中打印Thread.currentThread().getName()将当前所在线程打印出来。就会发现，只有onHandleIntent的执行是在另外一个新线程中，其他函数（onCreate/onStart/onStartCommand等）的执行都是在main线程（主线程的名称）中。

示例代码：
实际的代码参考如下：

package com.example.fmdemo;  

import android.app.IntentService;  
import android.content.Intent;  
import android.os.IBinder;  
import android.util.Log;  

public class IntentServiceDemo extends IntentService {  

    private static final String TAG = "IntentServiceDemo";  

    public IntentServiceDemo() {  
        super("IntentServiceDemo");  
    }  

    public IntentServiceDemo(String name) {  
        super(name);  
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub  
    }  

    @Override  
    protected void onHandleIntent(Intent arg0) {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
        String action = arg0.getExtras().getString("param");  
        if ("oper1".equals(action)) {  
            Log.i(TAG, "onHandleIntent oper1 threadname = "  
                    + Thread.currentThread().getName());  
        } else if ("oper2".equals(action)) {  
            Log.i(TAG, "onHandleIntent oper2 threadname = "  
                    + Thread.currentThread().getName());  
        }  

        try {  
            Thread.sleep(2000);  
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  

    @Override  
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
        Log.i(TAG, "onBind threadname = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());  
        return super.onBind(intent);  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void onCreate() {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
        Log.i(TAG, "onCreate threadname = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());  
        super.onCreate();  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void onDestroy() {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
        Log.i(TAG, "onDestroy threadname = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());  
        super.onDestroy();  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
        Log.i(TAG, "onStart threadname = " + Thread.currentThread().getName());  
        super.onStart(intent, startId);  
    }  

    @Override  
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
        Log.i(TAG, "onStartCommand threadname = "  
                + Thread.currentThread().getName());  
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);  
    }  

    @Override  
    public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
        Log.i(TAG, "setIntentRedelivery threadname = "  
                + Thread.currentThread().getName());  
        super.setIntentRedelivery(enabled);  
    }  

}

在自定义的Activity的onCreate中添加如下代码：

Intent startServiceIntent = new Intent("com.example.fmdemo.intentservice");  
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();  
bundle.putString("param", "oper1");  
startServiceIntent.putExtras(bundle);  
startService(startServiceIntent);  


Intent startServiceIntent2 = new Intent("com.example.fmdemo.intentservice");  
Bundle bundle2 = new Bundle();  
bundle2.putString("param", "oper2");  
startServiceIntent2.putExtras(bundle2);  
startService(startServiceIntent2);  

运行结果如下：

07-01 06:58:23.557: I/IntentServiceDemo(3732): onCreate threadname = main  
07-01 06:58:23.571: I/IntentServiceDemo(3732): onStartCommand threadname = main  
07-01 06:58:23.571: I/IntentServiceDemo(3732): onStart threadname = main  
07-01 06:58:23.576: I/IntentServiceDemo(3732): onHandleIntent oper1 threadname = IntentService[IntentServiceDemo]  
07-01 06:58:23.577: I/IntentServiceDemo(3732): onStartCommand threadname = main  
07-01 06:58:23.577: I/IntentServiceDemo(3732): onStart threadname = main  
07-01 06:58:25.577: I/IntentServiceDemo(3732): onHandleIntent oper2 threadname = IntentService[IntentServiceDemo]  
07-01 06:58:27.579: I/IntentServiceDemo(3732): onDestroy threadname = main

可以看到onHandleIntent是在不同main主线程的工作线程中运行的。
IntentService使用比较简单，但是实现机制比较有趣。感兴趣的同学可以自己把代码敲进去看看。