使用QT设计飞机编队的功能

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前言

国庆阅兵的时候,战斗机组成各种编队一起飞过天安门的场景很是壮观,让国人振奋。我们使用软件把编队的方式绘制出来,更加直观的展现给大家。

在一个编队中一般会有一架长机和多架僚机,长机一般处于编队居中或者靠前的位置,而僚机在会在长机的周围,编队的图形一般是对称。
软件实现了以下功能:

  1. 一架长机多架僚机;
  2. 鼠标点击选中飞机,具有高亮选中效果;
  3. 长机或者僚机可以自由的拖动;
  4. 长机由红色的五角星表示,僚机由不同的数据来表示;
  5. 按住Ctrl键同时点击鼠标左键选中长机然后拖动可以复制一架僚机;
  6. 可以通过右键菜单删除僚机;
  7. 可以设置僚机与长机的方位距离(每隔方格代表1000米*1000米);
  8. 最多可以展示100架飞机,还可以自由的扩展(修改代码)。
    先看一下实现的效果:
    在这里插入图片描述

开发环境

VS2010 + QT4.8.6 + x64

设计

以上功能使用Qt的GraphicsView和GraphicsScene、GraphicsItem绘制完成,GraphicsScene用来绘制场景,GraphicsView用来展示。每种类型的飞机对应的时候一种类型的Item,所有类型的Item都是通过统一的实体管理器进行管理的。
在这里插入图片描述

代码

宏定义 TeamSceneDef.h

#pragma once

//场景的起始像素位置
#define SCENE_START_X (-300)
#define SCENE_START_Y (-300)

//场景的大小
#define SCENE_WIDTH 600
#define SCENE_HEIGHT 600

//格子的长和宽
#define GRID_WIDTH 50
#define GRID_HEIGHT 50

//格子的起始像素位置
#define GRID_START_X (-250)
#define GRID_START_Y (-250)

//格子的终止像素位置
#define GRID_END_X 250
#define GRID_END_Y 250

//格子的行数和列数
#define GRID_ROW_COUNT 10
#define GRID_COL_COUNT 10

//长机初始位置位于格子的行列位置
#define LEADAIRCRAF_ORG_ROW ((GRID_ROW_COUNT - 1)/2)
#define LEADAIRCRAF_ORG_COL ((GRID_COL_COUNT - 1)/2)

//实体图片在每一个格子中的偏移量
#define ITEM_PIAMAP_OFFSET_X 10
#define ITEM_PIAMAP_OFFSET_Y 10

飞机实体定义 EntityPixmapItem.h

#ifndef ENTITYPIXMAPITEM_H
#define ENTITYPIXMAPITEM_H

#include <QGraphicsPixmapItem>



class EntityPixmapItem : public QGraphicsPixmapItem{
public:
	EntityPixmapItem();
	~EntityPixmapItem();

	virtual void setGridPos(int r, int c);

	void getGridPos(int&r, int&c){
		r = _gridRow;
		c = _gridCol;
	}
	int&getGridRow(){
		return _gridRow;
	}
	int&getGridCol(){
		return _gridCol;
	}

	void setLeadAircraft(bool b = false){
		_isLeadAircraft = b;
	}
	bool&getLeadAircraft(){
		return _isLeadAircraft;
	}

	void setSelected(bool b);
	bool&getSelected(){
		return _isSelected;
	}

	QRect&getRectRange(){
		return _rectRange;
	}

	
protected:
	virtual void paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget)override;
protected:

	//当前Item在10*10格子中的位置
	int _gridRow, _gridCol;

	//在Item中绘制图片的偏移量
	int _offsetX,_offsetY;

	//Item所在的矩形范围
	QRect _rectRange;

	//长机
	bool _isLeadAircraft;

	//是否被选中
	bool _isSelected;
};

#endif // ENTITYPIXMAPITEM_H

#include <QPainter>
#include <QPen>
#include "EntityPixmapItem.h"
#include "TeamSceneDef.h"

EntityPixmapItem::EntityPixmapItem()
	: QGraphicsPixmapItem(){
		_gridRow = -1;
		_gridCol = -1;

		_offsetX = ITEM_PIAMAP_OFFSET_X;
		_offsetY = ITEM_PIAMAP_OFFSET_Y;

		_isLeadAircraft = false;
		_isSelected = false;
}

EntityPixmapItem::~EntityPixmapItem(){

}

void EntityPixmapItem::setGridPos(int r, int c){
	_gridRow = r;
	_gridCol = c;
	_rectRange = QRect(GRID_START_X + _gridRow * GRID_WIDTH, GRID_START_Y +_gridCol * GRID_HEIGHT , GRID_WIDTH, GRID_HEIGHT);
	setPos(_rectRange.left(),_rectRange.top());
	setOffset(_offsetX,_offsetY);
}

void EntityPixmapItem::setSelected(bool b){
	_isSelected = b;
	update();
}

void EntityPixmapItem::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget){
	//1.绘制军标
	QGraphicsPixmapItem::paint(painter,option,widget);

	QPixmap&pmp = pixmap();

	//绘制选中效果
	if (_isSelected){
		painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
		QBrush brush(QColor(255,255,0,100));
		painter->setBrush(brush);
		painter->drawEllipse(_offsetX, _offsetY, pmp.width(), pmp.height());
	}
}

长机定义 LeadAircraftEntityItem.h

#ifndef LEADAIRCRAFTENTITYITEM_H
#define LEADAIRCRAFTENTITYITEM_H
#include "EntityPixmapItem.h"
class QSvgRenderer;
class QPixmap;

//长机实体Item

class LeadAircraftEntityItem: public EntityPixmapItem{
public:
	LeadAircraftEntityItem();
	~LeadAircraftEntityItem();

protected:
	void paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget)override;
private:
	//SVG图片
	QSvgRenderer* _svgRender;
	QPixmap*_svgPixmap;
};

#endif // LEADAIRCRAFTENTITYITEM_H

#include <QPainter>
#include <QSvgRenderer>
#include "LeadAircraftEntityItem.h"

LeadAircraftEntityItem::LeadAircraftEntityItem(){
	_svgRender = nullptr;
	_svgPixmap = nullptr;
}

LeadAircraftEntityItem::~LeadAircraftEntityItem(){

}

void LeadAircraftEntityItem::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget){
	EntityPixmapItem::paint(painter, option, widget);

	//长(zhang)机
	if (_svgPixmap == nullptr){
		_svgRender = new QSvgRenderer;
		_svgRender->load(QString("lead.svg"));
		_svgPixmap = new QPixmap(15,15);
		_svgPixmap->fill(Qt::transparent);
		QPainter p(_svgPixmap);
		_svgRender->render(&p);
	}

	//长机绘制图片
	painter->drawPixmap(_offsetX , _offsetY , 15, 15, *_svgPixmap);
}

僚机定义:LeadAircraftEntityItem

#ifndef LEADAIRCRAFTENTITYITEM_H
#define LEADAIRCRAFTENTITYITEM_H
#include "EntityPixmapItem.h"
class QSvgRenderer;
class QPixmap;

//长机实体Item

class LeadAircraftEntityItem: public EntityPixmapItem{
public:
	LeadAircraftEntityItem();
	~LeadAircraftEntityItem();

protected:
	void paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget)override;
private:
	//SVG图片
	QSvgRenderer* _svgRender;
	QPixmap*_svgPixmap;
};

#endif // LEADAIRCRAFTENTITYITEM_H

#include <QPainter>
#include <QSvgRenderer>
#include "LeadAircraftEntityItem.h"

LeadAircraftEntityItem::LeadAircraftEntityItem(){
	_svgRender = nullptr;
	_svgPixmap = nullptr;
}

LeadAircraftEntityItem::~LeadAircraftEntityItem(){

}

void LeadAircraftEntityItem::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *widget){
	EntityPixmapItem::paint(painter, option, widget);

	//长(zhang)机
	if (_svgPixmap == nullptr){
		_svgRender = new QSvgRenderer;
		_svgRender->load(QString("lead.svg"));
		_svgPixmap = new QPixmap(15,15);
		_svgPixmap->fill(Qt::transparent);
		QPainter p(_svgPixmap);
		_svgRender->render(&p);
	}

	//长机绘制图片
	painter->drawPixmap(_offsetX , _offsetY , 15, 15, *_svgPixmap);
}

场景定义 TeamGraphicsScene

#ifndef TEAMGRAPHICSSCENE_H
#define TEAMGRAPHICSSCENE_H
#include <QGraphicsPixmapItem>
#include <QGraphicsScene>
#include <QVector>

class QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent;
class MyDefinePlatformEntity;
class EntityPixmapItem;
class QMenu;
class QAction;
class GuiItemSetting;
/*————————————————————————————————————— 编队场景 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————*/

class TeamGraphicsScene : public QGraphicsScene{
	Q_OBJECT

public:
	TeamGraphicsScene(QObject *parent = nullptr);
	~TeamGraphicsScene();

	void setEntity();
private:
	void init();

	void mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)override;
	void mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)override;
	void mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event)override;

	void moveEntityItem(QPointF movePt);
	void moveVirtualItem(QPointF movePt);

private slots:
	void slotDelete();
	void slotSetting();
private:
	int _x, _y, _width, _hight;

	//保存所有表格的位置信息
	QRect _gridTeam[10][10];

	bool _leftBtnDown ;
	QPointF _leftBtnDownPos;//鼠标按下时的坐标
	QPointF _mouseMovePt;//鼠标滑动时的坐标

	//鼠标左键按下时选中的实体项
	EntityPixmapItem* _selectEntityItem;

	//拖动时虚拟的军标图形
	QGraphicsPixmapItem* _virtualPixmap;

	//菜单
	QMenu* _menu;
	QAction* _actionDelete;  //删除
	QAction* _actionSetting; //设置

	GuiItemSetting* _guiItemSetting;
};

#endif // TEAMGRAPHICSSCENE_H

#include <QApplication>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QMenu>
#include <QAction>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QGraphicsEllipseItem>
#include <QGraphicsSceneDragDropEvent>
#include "TeamGraphicsScene.h"
#include "EntityPixmapItem.h"
#include "LeadAircraftEntityItem.h"
#include "WingmanEntityItem.h"
#include "EntityItemManager.h"
#include "TeamSceneDef.h"
#include "GuiItemSetting.h"

TeamGraphicsScene::TeamGraphicsScene(QObject *parent)
	: QGraphicsScene(parent){
	//设置场景的大小
	 _x = SCENE_START_X;
	 _y = SCENE_START_Y;
	 _width = SCENE_WIDTH;
	 _hight = SCENE_HEIGHT;

	 _leftBtnDown = false;

	 _selectEntityItem = nullptr;
	 _virtualPixmap = nullptr;

	_menu = nullptr;
	_actionDelete = nullptr;  //删除
	_actionSetting = nullptr; //设置
	_guiItemSetting = nullptr;
	 init();
}

/*
*  定义坐标系:
*  X轴:向右为正(东) Y轴:向上为正(北)
*  绘制场景的范围 (-250,-250) 到 (250,250),每个小格子的大小是 50*50
*/
TeamGraphicsScene::~TeamGraphicsScene(){

}

void TeamGraphicsScene::setEntity(){
	
	QPixmap* pixmap = new QPixmap(32,32);
	pixmap->load("001.png");
	QPixmap pmp = pixmap->scaled(32,32);

	LeadAircraftEntityItem* jbItem = new LeadAircraftEntityItem;
	jbItem->setPixmap(pmp);
	jbItem->setGridPos(LEADAIRCRAF_ORG_ROW/*4*/, LEADAIRCRAF_ORG_COL/*4*/);
	jbItem->setLeadAircraft(true);//设为长机
	EntityItemMgr()->setLeadAircraftItem(jbItem);
	addItem(jbItem);

	//创建出一个虚拟的军标图像Item
	_virtualPixmap = new QGraphicsPixmapItem;
	_virtualPixmap->setPixmap(pmp);
	_virtualPixmap->setVisible(false);//首先隐藏掉
	addItem(_virtualPixmap);
}

void TeamGraphicsScene::init(){
	setSceneRect(_x, _y, _width, _hight);

	QPen pen;
	pen.setColor(Qt::lightGray);
	pen.setWidth(1);

	//中心点
	QGraphicsEllipseItem* ellipCenter = new QGraphicsEllipseItem(-2, -2, 4, 4);
	ellipCenter->setPen(pen);
	addItem(ellipCenter);

	/*————————————————————————————————————— 绘制坐标系 ———————————————————————————————————————————————————*/
	//绘制横轴
	QGraphicsLineItem* lineX = new QGraphicsLineItem(GRID_START_X/*-250*/, 0, GRID_END_X/*250*/, 0);
	lineX->setPen(pen);
	addItem(lineX);

	//绘制横轴箭头
	QGraphicsLineItem* lineXArrows1 = new QGraphicsLineItem(-GRID_START_X-10/*240*/, 5, GRID_END_X/*250*/, 0);
	lineXArrows1->setPen(pen);
	addItem(lineXArrows1);

	QGraphicsLineItem* lineXArrows2 = new QGraphicsLineItem(-GRID_START_X-10, -5, GRID_END_X/*250*/, 0);
	lineXArrows2->setPen(pen);
	addItem(lineXArrows2);

	QFont font;
	font.setFamily(QString::fromUtf8("微软雅黑"));
	font.setPointSize(12);
	QGraphicsTextItem* tX = new QGraphicsTextItem(QString::fromLocal8Bit("X(东)"));
	tX->setDefaultTextColor(Qt::yellow);
	tX->setFont(font);
	tX->setPos(GRID_END_X + 3, 0);
	addItem(tX);

	//绘制纵轴
	QGraphicsLineItem* lineY = new QGraphicsLineItem(0, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/, 0, GRID_END_Y/*250*/);
	lineY->setPen(pen);
	addItem(lineY);

	/*
	*  Y轴的方向与实际屏幕的绘制方向正好相反
	*/
	//绘制纵轴箭头
	QGraphicsLineItem* lineYArrows1 = new QGraphicsLineItem(0, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/, 5, -GRID_END_Y + 10/*-240*/);
	lineYArrows1->setPen(pen);
	addItem(lineYArrows1);

	QGraphicsLineItem* lineYArrows2 = new QGraphicsLineItem(0, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/, -5, -GRID_END_Y + 10/*-240*/);
	lineYArrows2->setPen(pen);
	addItem(lineYArrows2);

	QGraphicsTextItem* tY = new QGraphicsTextItem(QString::fromLocal8Bit("Y(北)"));
	tY->setDefaultTextColor(Qt::yellow);
	tY->setFont(font);
	tY->setPos(3, GRID_START_Y - 3);
	addItem(tY);

	/*————————————————————————————————————— 绘制网格 —————————————————————————————————————————*/

	//绘制行
	pen.setStyle(Qt::DashLine);
	for (int row = 0; row < 11; row ++){
		QGraphicsLineItem* lineRow = new QGraphicsLineItem(GRID_START_X/*-250*/, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/ + row * GRID_HEIGHT/*50*/, GRID_END_X, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/ + row * GRID_HEIGHT/*50*/);
		lineRow->setPen(pen);
		addItem(lineRow);
	}
	//绘制列
	for (int col = 0; col < 11; col ++){
		QGraphicsLineItem* lineRow = new QGraphicsLineItem(GRID_START_Y/*-250*/ + col * GRID_WIDTH/*50*/, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/, GRID_START_Y/*-250*/ + col*GRID_WIDTH/*50*/ , GRID_END_Y/*250*/);
		lineRow->setPen(pen);
		addItem(lineRow);
	}

	//计算格子
	for (int row = 0; row < 10; row ++){
		for (int col = 0; col < 10; col ++){
			_gridTeam[row][col] = QRect( -250 + row * 50 , -250 + 50 * col , 50, 50);
#if 0
			//显示格子
			QGraphicsRectItem* rect = new QGraphicsRectItem(_gridTeam[row][col]);
			pen.setColor(Qt::yellow);
			rect->setPen(pen);
			addItem(rect);

			QGraphicsTextItem* t = new QGraphicsTextItem(QString("(%1,%2)").arg(row).arg(col));
			t->setDefaultTextColor(Qt::yellow);
			t->setFont(font);
			
			t->setPos(_gridTeam[row][col].left() , _gridTeam[row][col].top());
			addItem(t);
#endif
		}
	}

}

void TeamGraphicsScene::mousePressEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event){
	if (event->button() & Qt::LeftButton) {
		_leftBtnDown = true;
		QPointF point = event->scenePos();
		_selectEntityItem = EntityItemMgr()->clickItem(point);
		if (_selectEntityItem!= nullptr){
			if (_selectEntityItem->getLeadAircraft() && QApplication::keyboardModifiers() == Qt::ControlModifier){//选中长机并且按下Ctrl键
				//1.根据长机数据创建一个僚机
				WingmanEntityItem* copyItem = new WingmanEntityItem;
				int copyItemRow = -1, copyItemCol = -1;
				_selectEntityItem->getGridPos(copyItemRow, copyItemCol);
				copyItem->setGridPos(copyItemRow, copyItemCol);//设置在方格中的位置
				copyItem->setLeadAircraft(false);//设置僚机
				copyItem->setPixmap(_selectEntityItem->pixmap());//设置图片

				//2.保存僚机
				copyItem->setRoleID(EntityItemMgr()->createRoleID());//设置僚机的RoleID
				EntityItemMgr()->addWingmanItem(copyItem);
				addItem(copyItem);

				_selectEntityItem = copyItem;
			}
			//把虚图标移动到正确的位置,但是不需要显示出来
			moveVirtualItem(point);
		}
	}
}

void TeamGraphicsScene::mouseMoveEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event){
	QPointF movePt = event->scenePos();
	if (_leftBtnDown && _selectEntityItem != nullptr){//鼠标左键按下
		//移动实体军表项
		moveEntityItem(movePt);

		
		//显示出来并且移动虚拟的军标项
		_virtualPixmap->setVisible(true);
		moveVirtualItem(movePt);
	}
}

void TeamGraphicsScene::mouseReleaseEvent(QGraphicsSceneMouseEvent *event){
	if (event->button() & Qt::LeftButton) {
		_leftBtnDown = false;
		_virtualPixmap->setVisible(false);
	}else if (event->button() & Qt::RightButton) {//右键弹出菜单
		if (_selectEntityItem != nullptr && !_selectEntityItem->getLeadAircraft()){//僚机
			QMenu popMenu;
			QAction* actionDelete = popMenu.addAction(QString::fromLocal8Bit("删除"), this, SLOT(slotDelete()));
			QAction* actionSetting = popMenu.addAction(QString::fromLocal8Bit("设置"), this, SLOT(slotSetting()));
			popMenu.exec(QCursor::pos());
		}
	}
}

/*
*  鼠标选中移动实体
*  鼠标首先移动到他周边的8个方格内
*
*  +--------+
*  |1 |2 |3 |
*  -----------
*  |4 |E |6 |
*  ----------
*  |7 |8 |9 |
*  +--------+
*/
void TeamGraphicsScene::moveEntityItem(QPointF movePt){
	int currentRow = -1, currentCol = -1;
	_selectEntityItem->getGridPos(currentRow, currentCol);
	for (int col = currentCol - 1; col <= currentCol + 1; col ++){
		for (int row = currentRow - 1; row <= currentRow + 1; row ++){
			if (row < 0 || row > GRID_ROW_COUNT - 1){//超出行边界
				continue;
			}
			if (col < 0 || col > GRID_COL_COUNT - 1){//超出列边界
				continue;
			}
			if (row == currentRow && col == currentCol){//排除当前位置
				continue;
			}
			if (_gridTeam[row][col].contains(movePt.toPoint())) {
				_selectEntityItem->setGridPos(row, col);
				_selectEntityItem->update();

				//计算长机和僚机之间的距离
				EntityItemMgr()->resetGridLength(_selectEntityItem);

				break;
			}
		}
	}
}

void TeamGraphicsScene::moveVirtualItem(QPointF movePt){
	QPixmap&pmp = _virtualPixmap->pixmap();
	int w = pmp.width();
	int h = pmp.height();
	_virtualPixmap->setPos(movePt.x() - w/2, movePt.y() - h/2);
}

void TeamGraphicsScene::slotDelete(){
	if (0 == QMessageBox::question(nullptr, QString::fromLocal8Bit("删除"),  QString::fromLocal8Bit("确定要删除?"), QString::fromLocal8Bit("确定"), QString::fromLocal8Bit("取消"), QString::fromLocal8Bit(""), 1)) {
		//1.在管理器中移除掉
		EntityItemMgr()->deleteWingmanItem(dynamic_cast<WingmanEntityItem*>(_selectEntityItem));
		//2.在场景中移除
		removeItem(_selectEntityItem);

		_selectEntityItem = nullptr;
	}
}

void TeamGraphicsScene::slotSetting(){
	if (_guiItemSetting == nullptr){
		_guiItemSetting = new GuiItemSetting;
	}
	_guiItemSetting->initEntityPixmapItem(dynamic_cast<WingmanEntityItem*>(_selectEntityItem));
	_guiItemSetting->setAttribute(Qt::WA_ShowModal);
	_guiItemSetting->show();
}

调用场景


void QtGuiTeam::setEntity(MyDefinePlatformEntity* myDefinePlatformEntity){
	_myDefinePlatformEntity = myDefinePlatformEntity;
	_teamGraphicsScene->setEntity();
}

void QtGuiTeam::init(){
	ui.graphicsView->setBackgroundBrush(QBrush(QColor(64, 128, 128)));
	ui.graphicsView->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);//反锯齿设置

	ui.graphicsView->setHorizontalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOff);
	ui.graphicsView->setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(Qt::ScrollBarAlwaysOff);

	_teamGraphicsScene = new TeamGraphicsScene;
	ui.graphicsView->setScene(_teamGraphicsScene);
}

设置僚机和长机的距离方位

void GuiItemSetting::slotOK(){
	LeadAircraftEntityItem*leadAircraft = EntityItemMgr()->getLeadAircraftItem();

	double x = ui.lineEditX->text().toDouble();
	double y = ui.lineEditY->text().toDouble();
	double z = ui.lineEditZ->text().toDouble();

	_wingmanEntityItem->setOffsetLeadAircraftX(x);
	int xOffset = (int)x/(int)EntityItemMgr()->getGridWidth() + ((int)x % (int)EntityItemMgr()->getGridWidth() == 0 ? 0 : 1);

	_wingmanEntityItem->setOffsetLeadAircraftY(y);
	int yOffset = (int)y/(int)EntityItemMgr()->getGridHeight() + ((int)y % (int)EntityItemMgr()->getGridHeight() == 0 ? 0 : 1);
	_wingmanEntityItem->setGridPos(leadAircraft->getGridRow() + xOffset, leadAircraft->getGridCol() - yOffset);

	_wingmanEntityItem->setOffsetLeadAircraftZ(z);

	_wingmanEntityItem->update();
	close();
}

aaa.

QT是一个跨平台的应用程序开发框架,它允许开发者创建丰富的用户界面和复杂的图形处理应用。要在QT中绘制五分之一圆弧,你可以利用`QPainter`类及其提供的绘图功能。 以下是一个简化的步骤来帮助你在QT中绘制五分之一圆弧: ### 步骤 1: 设置画布 首先,在你的QWidget或其他支持绘制的对象内部设置一个`QPainter`对象。通常,你会通过调用`paintEvent`槽函数或直接在特定位置调用`drawArc`等方法来实现这一目标。 ```cpp void YourWidget::paintEvent(QPaintEvent *) { QPainter painter(this); // 其他画笔和背景色设置... } ``` ### 步骤 2: 绘制五分之一圆弧 QT中绘制圆弧的基本语法如下: ```cpp painter.drawArc(rectX, rectY, width, height, startAngle, spanAngle) ``` 其中: - `rectX`, `rectY`: 圆弧所在的矩形区域的左上角坐标; - `width`, `height`: 矩形区域的宽度和高度; - `startAngle`: 圆弧开始的角度(从0度开始计算),单位为十进制度数; - `spanAngle`: 圆弧覆盖的角度长度(同样以十进制度数表示); 为了绘制五分之一圆弧,你需要指定开始角度、结束角度以及对应的跨度角度。 由于我们需要绘制五分之一圆弧,我们可以假设起点为(90度)开始,并选择适当的角度跨度使得总角度接近于180度(即半个圆)。例如,如果我们要绘制从45度到135度的部分,可以这样做: ```cpp // 假设宽高等于半径 * 2,因此我们只需要指定半径即可 int radius = 50; // 半径 int centerX = rectX + radius; int centerY = rectY + radius; // 开始角度为45度 int startAngle = 45; // 覆盖的角度长度为90度(半个圆弧的一半) int spanAngle = 90; painter.setPen(Qt::blue); // 设置线条颜色 painter.drawArc(centerX - radius, centerY - radius, 2*radius, 2*radius, startAngle * 16, spanAngle * 16); ``` 注意,角度转换为QT中的十六进制角度表示需要乘以16,因为QT内部使用的是一种基于字节的度量系统。 ### 相关问题: 1. **如何调整圆弧的颜色和宽度**? 可以通过设置`painter.setPen()`的参数来调整颜色和宽度,如: ```cpp painter.setPen(QPen(Qt::red, 2)); // 设置红色线条,宽度为2像素 ``` 2. **能否添加阴影效果到圆弧**? 对于简单的阴影效果,可以使用渐变填充配合`painter.setBrush()`方法。然而,要添加更复杂的效果,比如模糊阴影,可能需要使用OpenGL或者第三方库。 3. **在动态大小的窗口中保持圆弧的比例不变**? 当窗口大小改变时,保持圆弧相对于其容器大小的比例不变可以通过在事件处理器中获取当前窗口尺寸并相应地调整圆心坐标和边界进行计算。例如: ```cpp int newRadius = std::min(width(), height()) / 2; // 新的半径为较小边长的一半 int newX = width() / 2; int newY = height() / 2; // 使用新中心点和新的半径值来计算圆弧 ``` 这提供了一个基本的框架和指导原则用于在QT应用程序中绘制五分之一圆弧。通过这种方式,你可以进一步自定义和优化你的圆形绘制需求。
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