常用傅里叶变换及其性质

性质	时域$x(t)$	频域$X(\omega )$
定义	$x(t)=\frac{1}{2\pi }{\int }_{-\infty }^{\infty }X(\omega )e^{j\omega t}d\omega$	$$\begin{gathered} X(\omega )={\int }_{-\infty }^{\infty }x(t)e^{-j\omega t}dt \\ =|X(\omega )|e^{j\varphi (\omega )} \\ =Re(\omega )+jIm(\omega ) \end{gathered}$$
线性	$$\begin{gathered} x_1(t)\stackrel{\mathcal{F}}{⟷}{X}_1(\omega ) \\ {x}_2(t)\stackrel{\mathcal{F}}{⟷}{X}_2(\omega ) \\ {a}_1{x}_1(t)+a_2{x}_2(t) \end{gathered}$$	$a_1{X}_1(\omega )+a_2{X}_2(\omega )$
奇偶性	$$\begin{gathered} x^{\ast }(t) \\ 若x(t)为实函数,即x(t)=x^{\ast }(t) \end{gathered}$$	$$\begin{gathered} X^{\ast }(-\omega ) \\ X(\omega )=X^{\ast }(-\omega )或X^{\ast }(\omega )=X(-\omega ) \end{gathered}$$
对偶性	$X(t)$	$2\pi x(-\omega )$
尺度变换	$x(at)a\ne 0$	$\frac{1}{|a|}X(\frac{\omega }{a})$
翻转	$x(-t)$	$X(-\omega )$
时移	$$\begin{gathered} x(t\pm t_0) \\ x(at-b)a\ne 0 \end{gathered}$$	$$\begin{gathered} e^{\pm j\omega t_0}X(\omega ) \\ \frac{1}{|a|}X(\frac{\omega }{a})e^{-j\frac{b}{a}\omega } \end{gathered}$$
频移	$x(t)e^{\pm j{\omega }_{0}t}$	$X(\omega \mp {\omega }_0)$
时域微分	$\frac{d^{n}x(t)}{d{t}^n}$	$(j\omega {)}^{n}X(\omega )$
时域积分	${\int }_{-\infty }^{t}x(\tau )d\tau$	$\frac{1}{j\omega }X(\omega )+\pi X(0)\delta (\omega )$
帕斯瓦尔公式	${\int }_{-\infty }^{\infty }|x(t){|}^{2}dt$	$\frac{1}{2\pi }{\int }_{-\infty }^{\infty }|X(\omega ){|}^{2}d\omega$
时域卷积	$x_1(t{)}^{\ast }{x}_2(t)$	$X_1(\omega )X_2(\omega )$
频域卷积	$x_1(t)x_2(t)$	$\frac{1}{2\pi }{X}_1(\omega {)}^{\ast }{X}_2(\omega )$
频域微分	$-jtx(t)$	$\frac{dX(\omega )}{d\omega }$

信号$x(t)$	傅里叶变换$X(\omega )$
$\delta (t)$	$1$
$\delta (t-t_0)$	$e^{-j\omega t_0}$
$1$	$2\pi \delta (\omega )$
$u(t)$	$\pi \delta (\omega )+\frac{1}{j\omega }$
$sgn(t)$	$\frac{2}{j\omega }$
$e^{-at}u(t)a>0,a\in R$	$\frac{1}{j\omega +a}$
$g(t)=\{\begin{array}{ll}1& |t|<\frac{\tau }{2}\\ 0& |t|>\frac{\tau }{2}\end{array}$	$\tau Sa(\frac{\omega \tau }{2})$
$Sa({\omega }_{c}t)$	$\frac{\pi }{{\omega }_c}g(\omega ),g(\omega )=\{\begin{array}{ll}1& |\omega |<{\omega }_c\\ 0& |\omega |>{\omega }_c\end{array}$
$e^{-a|t|}a>0$	$\frac{2a}{{\omega }^2+a^2}$
$e^{-(at{)}^2}$	$\frac{\sqrt{\pi }}{a}{e}^{-(\frac{\omega }{2a}{)}^2}$
$e^{j{\omega }_{0}t}$	$2\pi \delta (\omega -{\omega }_0)$
$\cos {\omega }_{0}t$	$\pi [\delta (\omega +{\omega }_0)+\delta (\omega -{\omega }_0)]$
$\sin {\omega }_{0}t$	$j\pi [\delta (\omega +{\omega }_0)-\delta (\omega -{\omega }_0)]$
$t{e}^{-at}u(t)a>0,a\in R$	$\frac{1}{(j\omega +a{)}^2}$
$\frac{t^{n-1}}{(n-1)!}{e}^{-at}u(t)a>0,a\in R$	$\frac{1}{(j\omega +a{)}^n}$
$e^{-at}\cos {\omega }_{0}t\cdot u(t)a>0$	$\frac{j\omega +a}{(j\omega +a{)}^2+{\omega }_0^2}$
$e^{-at}\sin {\omega }_{0}t\cdot u(t)a>0$	$\frac{{\omega }_0}{(j\omega +a{)}^2+{\omega }_0^2}$
${\delta }_r(t)=\sum _{n=-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (t-n{T}_0)$	${\omega }_0\sum _{n=-\infty }^{\infty }\delta (\omega -n{\omega }_0)\omega =\frac{2\pi }{T_0}$
$x(t)=\sum _{n=-\infty }^{\infty }X(n{\omega }_0)e^{jn{\omega }_{0}t}$	$2\pi \sum _{n=-\infty }^{\infty }X(n{\omega }_0)\delta (\omega -n{\omega }_0)$