使用maven从头搭建一个Spring MVC + MyBatis项目

目录

1. 创建maven工程

2. 添加依赖

3. 添加Spring MVC框架

4. 编写一个Hello World

4.1 编写jsp文件

4.2 编写controller类

4.3 编写dispatcher-servlet.xml文件

4.4 编写wen.xml文件

4.5 添加tomcat环境

4.6 运行

5. 整合MyBatis

5.1 新建配置文件

5.2 修改web.xml文件

5.3 编写日志文件:log4j.properties

5.4 编写MyBatis配置文件

5.5 spring配置文件

6 测试

6.1 创建数据库以及关系表

6.2 创建对应的实体类

 6.4 编写UserMapper.xml文件

6.5 建一个测试类


1. 创建maven工程

选择maven -> 勾选create from archetype ->选择下图的选项

填写项目名称,项目路径等信息

选择maven安装路径

完成后,项目的默认目录结构为

缺少相关目录,需要自己添加

完成目录结构如下所示:

需要注意的是,右击新建文件夹的时候,得到的文件夹可能是灰色的,需要自己将其标志成idea可认识的类型,下面以java文件为例,其他的根据实际情况进行标志。

2. 添加依赖

打开pom.xml文件,添加如下依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-demo</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <name>spring-demo Maven Webapp</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
        <spring.version>5.2.8.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
       <!-- 单元测试 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 日志 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0-alpha1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.0-alpha0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- spring相关 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- java EE相关 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 文件上传 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- jackson相关 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.11.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.11.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
            <version>2.11.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- MyBatis核心包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- MyBatis-Spring -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mysql数据库连接 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.21</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 数据库连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>spring-demo</finalName>
        <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.0.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.8.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.22.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.2.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.5.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.8.2</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

3. 添加Spring MVC框架

先把之前自动生成的给删了,file - > project structure

右击项目文件夹,选择Add Framework Support...

点击确定之后,在WEB-INF文件夹下面会自动生成连个文件:applicationContext.xml和dispatcher-servlet.xml,并且web.xml也生成自动添加了一些内容。

4. 编写一个Hello World

4.1 编写jsp文件

在webapp目录下,新建一个hello.jsp文件,添加如下内容:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page isELIgnored="false" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
    <title>Hello Spring</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Hello ${requestScope.message}</h1>
</body>
</html>

4.2 编写controller类

在java文件夹下新建一个包:com.demo.controller,新建一个java文件:HelloSpringController,添加如下内容

package com.demo.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
public class HelloSpringController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String sayHello(Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("message", "World");

        return "hello";
    }

}

4.3 编写dispatcher-servlet.xml文件

在webapp/WEB-INF目录下,给dispatcher-servlet.xml文件添加如下内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.controller"/>

    <bean id="viewResolver"
          class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

4.4 编写wen.xml文件

这里需要注意:

<servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

4.5 添加tomcat环境

Run -> Edit Configurations

点击+号,选择Tomcat Servet -> Local

在Servet选项卡中,点击Configure添加本地的tomcat

切换Deployment选项卡,点击+号 -> Artifact

选择war deploded选项

将下面的Application context 改成 /

切回Server选项卡,可看到如下的内容,点击确定

4.6 运行

点击右上角绿色三角按钮启动tomcat

在浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/hello可得显示Hello World。

5. 整合MyBatis

5.1 新建配置文件

习惯上,我们喜欢把配置文件放到resources文件夹下,这里在resoureces文件夹下新建一个jdbc.properties文件用于存放数据库初始化数据,新建一个mybatis-config.xml用于配置MyBatis,新建一个log4j.properties用于配置输出日志。然后新建一个文件夹spring文件夹,在该文件夹下面新建三个文件:spring-dao.xml、spring-service.xml、spring-web.xml。新建一个mapper文件夹用于存放MyBatis的xml文件,最终目录结构如下:

5.2 修改web.xml文件

这里不再使用dispatcher-servlet.xml作为spring的配置文件,而是将其指定为resources下的spring文件夹中的spring-dao.xml、spring-service.xml、 spring-web.xml :

<init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
</init-param>

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
    <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

5.3 编写日志文件:log4j.properties

日志不是必须的,可有可无,但是喜欢上都会使用。这里使用的slf4j + log4j来输出日志,编写log4j.properties配置如下:

# 日记级别(单个级别) 文件/控制台
log4j.rootLogger=debug, stdout,file

# Redirect log messages to console
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%-5p] %c{1}:%L - %m%n

# Redirect log messages to a log file
log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.file.File=/Users/xxx/Project/log/test.log
log4j.appender.file.MaxFileSize=5MB
log4j.appender.file.MaxBackupIndex=10
log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%-5p] %c{1}:%L - %m%n

5.4 编写MyBatis配置文件

jdbc.properties添加如下内容:

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456

 mybatis-config.xml:

这里主要配置MyBatis的一些设置,根据需要,可以添加别的设置选项,我这里只添加了日志的设置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>

    <settings>
        <setting name="logImpl" value="LOG4J"/>
    </settings>
    
</configuration>

5.5 spring配置文件

spring-dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 引入jdbc.properties配置文件 -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />

    <!--    数据库连接池-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
        <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
        <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />
        <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" />
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />

        <!--        c3p0连接池的私有属性-->
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30" />
        <property name="minPoolSize" value="10" />

        <!--        关闭连接后不自动commit-->
        <property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false" />
        <!--        连接超时时间-->
        <property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000" />
        <!--        当获取连接失败重试次数-->
        <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2" />
    </bean>

    <!--    配置SqlSessionFactory对象-->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!--        注入数据库连接池-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <!-- 配置MyBatis全局配置文件 -->
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml" />
        <!-- 扫描sql配置文件:mapper需要的xml文件 -->
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml" />
        
    </bean>
</beans>

spring-service.xml

这里只添加了事物相关的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">


    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>

    <tx:annotation-driven/>

</beans>

spring-web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    
    <!-- 启用注解方式 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 设置spring容器扫描路径 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.controller" />

    <bean id="viewResolver"
          class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

6 测试

6.1 创建数据库以及关系表

创建数据库test:

CREATE DATABASE `test`;

创建user表: 

CREATE TABLE `test`.`user` (
  `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` VARCHAR(45) NULL,
  `password` VARCHAR(45) NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`))
ENGINE = InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4;

6.2 创建对应的实体类

创建一个com.demo.entity包,在这个包下新建一个User.java,内容如下:

package com.demo.entity;

public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String password;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

 6.4 编写UserMapper.xml文件

在resource文件夹下的mapper文件夹中,新建一个UserMapper.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="user">
    <insert id="addUser">
        INSERT INTO `user`(`name`, `password`) values(#{name}, #{password})
    </insert>

</mapper>

6.5 建一个测试类

在test目录下,java文件夹中新建一个包com.demo.test,并新建一个类UserMapperTest.java

package com.demo.test;

import com.demo.entity.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:spring/spring-dao.xml", "classpath:spring/spring-service.xml"})
public class UserMapperTest {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserMapperTest.class);

    @Autowired
    SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;

    @Test
    public void testInsert() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("zhangsan");
        user.setPassword("123456");
        int ret = sqlSession.insert("user.addUser", user);
        logger.debug("total insert row: {}", ret);
        sqlSession.close();

    }

}

右击testInsert -> Run 'testInsert()'

最终的项目结构:

 

完成。

 

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