建造者Builder

概述

一个复杂对象的构建往往需要构建很多部件，建造者模式将这些部件的构建抽取出来，当所有部件都构建完毕后才完成这个复杂对象的构建

场景

复杂产品按部件构建

实现

产品

/**
 * 被构建的产品
 */
public class Car {
    private String wheel;
    private String body;
    private String engine;

    public void setWheel(String wheel) {
        this.wheel = wheel;
    }
    public void setBody(String body) {
        this.body = body;
    }
    public void setEngine(String engine) {
        this.engine = engine;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Car{" +
                "wheel='" + wheel + '\'' +
                ", body='" + body + '\'' +
                ", engine='" + engine + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

抽象建造者

/**
 * 抽象建造者
 */
public abstract class AbstrctBuilder {

    public abstract CarBuilder buildWheel();

    public abstract CarBuilder buildBody();

    public abstract CarBuilder buildEngine();

    public abstract Car buildUp();
}

具体建造者

/**
 * 具体建造者
 */
public class CarBuilder extends AbstrctBuilder{
    Car car = new Car();
    @Override
    public CarBuilder buildWheel() {
        car.setWheel("超级耐用的轮子");
        return this;
    }
    @Override
    public CarBuilder buildBody() {
        car.setBody("翡冷翠车身");
        return this;
    }
    @Override
    public CarBuilder buildEngine() {
        car.setEngine("2.5T蓝鲸发动机");
        return this;
    }
    @Override
    public Car buildUp() {
        return car;
    }
}

指挥者

/**
 * 指挥者
 */
public class Director {
    AbstrctBuilder carBuilder;

    public Director(AbstrctBuilder carBuilder) {
        this.carBuilder = carBuilder;
    }
    public Car construct(){
        return carBuilder.buildWheel().buildBody().buildEngine().buildUp();
    }
}

测试

/**
 * 测试
 */
public class BuilderTest {
    @Test
    public void testBuildder(){
        AbstrctBuilder carBuilder = new CarBuilder();
        Director director = new Director(carBuilder);
        Car car = director.construct();
        System.out.println(car);
    }
}

测试结果

总结

1.构建者模式适合构建由复杂部分构成的对象，但是当被构建的产品内部发生变化时调整成本很大
2.可以将Builder每个构建部件的方法返回值设置为Buider，这样在调用的时候更加方便