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“AI for Everyone” series article #1

“所有人的人工智能”系列文章＃1

[This article is an updated version of a previous article published by the first two authors for Dell Technologies in CIO.com. It is part 1 of a new series we will contribute to the Austin Forum Update.]

[本文是 由前两名作者在CIO.com上为Dell Technologies发行 的前 一篇文章 的更新版本 。 这是我们将为《奥斯丁论坛更新》做出贡献的新系列的第1部分。]

A constant in the human experience is the ongoing desire to understand the world around us at an ever-deeper level. From the ocean-going explorers of the 15th and 16th centuries to the astronauts of the 20th and 21st centuries, we are on a constant crusade to know more about our environments and circumstances and to understand life at a deeper level. It was often a matter of surviving and is undoubtedly a key to thriving, but it is also fundamental to our inquisitive nature. Likewise, humans have long desired to know what will happen next, which further enhances our chances to survive and thrive and to build a world in which our health and happiness are more assured.

人们不断体验着不断深入地了解我们周围世界的渴望。 从15世纪和16世纪的远洋探险家到20世纪和21世纪的宇航员，我们一直在不断努力，以了解更多关于我们的环境和情况，并更深入地了解生活。 这通常是一个生存的问题，无疑是繁荣的关键，但这也是我们好奇心的基础。 同样，人类一直渴望知道接下来会发生什么，这进一步增强了我们机会生存和发展，并建立一个世界里，我们的健康和幸福是更放心。

Today, this thirst for knowledge and quest for insight is increasingly realized by analyzing the massive amounts of data generated by smartphones, social media, sensors and scanners of all types, the emerging Internet of Things, and increasingly large enterprise IT systems. We’ve always had measurements and data, but we’ve only had tremendous amounts of digital data in recent years. The rate of data production is growing at a steep, exponential rate, enabled by ever more powerful and plentiful computers and sensors and other digital technology devices. IDC forecasts that by 2025, the global datasphere will grow to 163 zettabytes (ZB) a year, or a trillion gigabytes. That’s 10 times the 16.1 ZB of data generated in 2016. [IDC, “Data Age 2025: The Evolution of Data to Life-Critical,” April 2017.]

如今，通过分析智能手机，社交媒体，各种类型的传感器和扫描仪，新兴的物联网以及日益大型的企业IT系统生成的大量数据，人们越来越意识到对知识和洞察力的渴望。 我们一直都有测量和数据，但是近年来我们只有大量的数字数据 。 数据生产的速度增长，在一个陡峭，指数率，由以往任何时候都更加强大和丰富的计算机和传感器等数字化技术设备上启用。 IDC预测，到2025年，全球数据领域将以每年163 ZB(兆兆字节)的速度增长。 这是2016年生成的16.1 ZB数据的10倍 。[IDC，“ 2025年数据时代：数据向生命关键的演变 ”，2017年4月。

IDC forecasts that the global datasphere will grow to 163 ZB by 2025.

IDC预测，到2025年，全球数据领域将增长到163 ZB。

This explosion of data generated by people and things provides opportunities to put all those bits and bytes to work to further our understanding of the people and things we care deeply about.

人和事物生成的数据的爆炸式增长提供了机会，使所有这些点点滴滴都可以发挥作用，以加深我们对我们所关心的人和事物的理解。

Data alone, however, doesn’t do anything for anyone. What we are really after is insight and foresight — a deeper understanding of what is happening now and insights into what is likely to occur in the days, weeks, months, and years ahead — and that takes more than data.

但是，仅数据对任何人都无济于事。 我们真正需要的是洞察力和远见卓识-对现在正在发生的事情有更深入的了解，对未来几天，几周，几个月和几年内可能发生的事情有深刻的了解-这比数据还重要。

It also requires advanced analytics techniques for gaining meaning from massive amounts of unstructured data and often powerful computing resources to execute those analytics methods on massive datasets. And there is good news on this front: We now have an abundance of all of that.

它还需要先进的分析技术，以从大量的非结构化数据和通常强大的计算资源中获取含义，以对大量数据集执行这些分析方法。 在这方面有个好消息：我们现在拥有大量的这些。

This combination of big data, sophisticated data analytics algorithms and techniques, and powerful computing systems paves a path to the widespread use of data science, including artificial intelligence (AI), most recently in the form of machine learning and deep learning. These data science approaches are transforming our understanding and the decision-making process.

大数据，先进的数据分析算法和技术以及强大的计算系统的这种结合为包括人工智能(AI)在内的数据科学的广泛使用铺平了道路，最近以机器学习和深度学习的形式出现。 这些数据科学方法正在改变我们的理解和决策过程。

Understanding today and tomorrow

了解今天和明天

Public and private organizations have been collecting data for as long as they have been around. Data collection is a fundamental aspect of human institutions, from sharing past experiences via oral stories to writing information on tables and in books to today’s digital methods of capturing, storage, and sharing data and information. Historically, whether that recorded data is in analog or digital form — whether it’s in a hand-written entry on a paper ledger or in binary digits in a relational database management system — it is always a look back in time. Such data is a record of the past, of what has happened and been measured and recorded — a look back in time. What we want to know, however, is what is happening now, and what will happen next.

公共和私营组织一直在收集数据。 数据收集是人类机构的基本方面，从通过口头故事分享过去的经验，到在桌子上和书本上书写信息，再到如今的捕获，存储和共享数据与信息的数字方法。 从历史上看，无论记录的数据是模拟形式还是数字形式(无论是纸质帐本上的手写输入还是关系数据库管理系统中的二进制数字)，始终都是时光倒流。 这些数据是过去的记录，发生的事情以及经过测量和记录的记录-时光倒流。 但是，我们想知道的是现在正在发生的事情，以及接下来将要发生的事情。

Consider the following scenario. While it provides useful information, database reports showing quarterly sales totals doesn’t give business leaders all the information they need to make better business decisions for the present and future. It might tell them what they have sold over the past three months, how much they have sold, and whether they have sold more or less of a product compared to earlier quarters. That’s all useful information, but to ensure a better future, they need more than just a look back in time. To make more-informed decisions that improve future results, executives need better insight into how the present conditions evolved and foresight into how future conditions will unfold. They need to understand what’s likely to happen in subsequent quarters, so that decisions can be made that maximize results for those future conditions.

请考虑以下情形。 尽管它提供有用的信息，但是显示季度销售总额的数据库报告并不能为业务领导者提供他们为现在和将来做出更好的业务决策所需的全部信息。 它可能会告诉他们在过去三个月中卖了什么，卖了多少，以及与前几个季度相比是否卖出了更多或更少的产品。 这些都是有用的信息，但是要确保美好的未来，他们需要的不仅仅是回顾过去。 为了做出更明智的决策以改善未来的结果，高管们需要更好地洞悉当前状况如何发展，并预见未来状况将如何发展。 他们需要了解接下来几个季度可能发生的情况，以便做出决策以最大程度地应对那些未来情况。

How to get there? For most of history, people used their intuition and insights gained through past experiences — their human intelligence — to make their best guesses about the future, and to make decisions accordingly. In the era of big data, business leaders have begun to use data analytics to better assess and understand past trends and present conditions, and to give statistical predictions for what is likely to happen in the future. Data and algorithms can be used to augment human intelligence derived from experience and learning.

到那里怎么走？ 在大多数历史中，人们都使用从过去的经验中获得的直觉和洞察力-人类的智力-对未来做出最佳猜测，并据此做出决策。 在大数据时代，企业领导者已开始使用数据分析来更好地评估和了解过去的趋势和当前状况，并对未来可能发生的情况进行统计预测。 数据和算法可用于增强从经验和学习中获得的人类智能。

Artificial intelligence — specifically the methods of machine learning and a special subset called deep learning — changes the ground rules for that decision-making. For example, machine learning and deep learning techniques allow executives to weave in data from many sources, such as social media sites, customer information systems, and e-commerce sites, to make models that can offer better predictions: about what products are likely to sell in the future, who is likely to buy them, and even how they can get more people (and who) to buy them. They can then tailor their product development and sales and marketing strategies accordingly.

人工智能-尤其是机器学习的方法和一个称为深度学习的特殊子集-改变了决策的基本规则。 例如，机器学习和深度学习技术使高管可以从社交媒体网站，客户信息系统和电子商务网站等许多来源编织数据，以建立可以提供更好预测的模型：关于哪些产品可能将来出售，谁有可能购买它们，甚至他们如何吸引更多人(和谁)购买它们。 然后，他们可以相应地调整其产品开发以及销售和营销策略。

Let’s not lose sight of the big picture: We are entering an era in which many types of organizations, from company to government agencies to schools and more, can put AI tools and techniques to work to churn through diverse types of data — including structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data — to gain a better view of the past, the present, and the future.

让我们不要忘了全局：我们正在进入一个时代，在这个时代中，从公司到政府机构再到学校等许多类型的组织都可以使用AI工具和技术来工作以遍历各种类型的数据，包括结构化，半结构化和非结构化数据-更好地了解过去，现在和未来。

We’re talking about a massive amount of data that can come into play here. And that’s good, because we need a great deal of high quality data to train the machine learning models that yield accurate insights into what is happening today and what is likely to happen in the days to come.

我们正在谈论的是这里可​​以使用的大量数据。 这很好，因为我们需要大量高质量的数据来训练机器学习模型，从而对当前发生的事情以及未来可能发生的事情提供准确的见解。

Today we have that data, and we are gathering more of it every day. We have more processing power, which makes it possible to process data at speeds that were in the past all but unthinkable. And we have the algorithms and other data science tools that allow us to bring this processing power to bear on that data to gain crucial insights. Today we have it all, and that is allowing AI to achieve real successes — and it’s just the beginning. We already see AI being used in our daily lives via smartphones, digital assistants, online purchasing and viewing recommendations, and more. Companies have long used data and tools like databases and business intelligence software to improve their operations, products, and services; they now have access to vast data sources and computing power and more powerful methods of data analytics and data science, including AI. AI may suddenly seem transformative (it is!) and revolutionary (not exactly — the ideas have been around for decades), but integrating AI into processes is also the next natural step in how companies and organizations innovate, operate, and compete. The time to start is now.

今天，我们有了这些数据，并且每天都在收集更多的数据。 我们拥有更大的处理能力，这使得过去无法想象的速度处理数据成为可能。 而且我们拥有算法和其他数据科学工具，可让我们利用这种处理能力来处理这些数据，从而获得至关重要的见解。 今天，我们拥有了一切，这使AI取得了真正的成功-这仅仅是开始。 我们已经看到AI通过智能手机，数字助手，在线购买和查看建议等在日常生活中得到使用。 公司长期以来使用数据和工具(例如数据库和商业智能软件)来改善其运营，产品和服务。 他们现在可以访问海量数据源和计算能力，以及更强大的数据分析和数据科学方法，包括AI。 AI可能突然看起来具有变革性(革命！)和革命性(不完全是，这种想法已经存在了数十年)，但是将AI集成到流程中也是公司和组织如何创新，运营和竞争的下一个自然步骤。 现在是时候开始了。

Next up: data analytics, data science, and machine learning

下一步：数据分析，数据科学和机器学习

As has been the case for decades, the use of data will continue to evolve. One of the latest and greatest steps in this evolutionary process of data analytics and data science is the rise of an important area of AI called machine learning, which brings a paradigm shift to data science. In the past, humans made the rules for data and gave those rules to algorithms. In the era of machine learning, algorithms use data to generate rules.

与数十年来一样，数据的使用将继续发展。 数据分析和数据科学的这一演进过程中最新和最重要的步骤之一是AI的重要领域-机器学习的兴起，这为数据科学带来了范式转变。 过去，人类制定了数据规则，并将这些规则提供给算法。 在机器学习时代，算法使用数据生成规则。

This fundamental shift opens the door to amazing advances in data science, and thus in human understanding and capabilities. We are talking about systems that can learn from data, learn from their experiences, and get better at what they do over time. We are on the verge of creating AI-powered capabilities that greatly extend our own capabilities and that even automate many tasks for us so we can devote more of our uniquely human cognitive abilities to our greatest opportunities and challenges.

这种根本性的转变为数据科学以及人类的理解和能力的惊人发展打开了大门。 我们正在谈论的系统可以从数据中学习，从他们的经验中学习并随着时间的推移而变得更好。 我们濒临创建AI驱动的功能，这些功能极大地扩展了我们自己的功能，甚至为我们自动化了许多任务，因此我们可以将更多独特的人类认知能力用于最大的机遇和挑战。

In the next article in this series, we will explain how data, data analytics, data science, and machine learning are related, and then dive deeper into machine learning and deep learning in the third article. In subsequent articles, we will go more in-depth and will give both guidance and examples. So, please follow our series as we discuss how AI will forever transform business and create new products, services, jobs, entertainment, educational opportunities, and more!

在本系列的下一篇文章中，我们将解释数据，数据分析，数据科学和机器学习之间的关系，然后在第三篇文章中更深入地研究机器学习和深度学习。 在随后的文章中，我们将更深入，并提供指导和示例。 因此，请跟随我们的系列讨论我们如何将AI永远改变业务并创造新产品，服务，工作，娱乐，教育机会等等！

Jay Boisseau, Ph.D., is an artificial intelligence and high-performance computing technology strategist at Dell Technologies, the CEO of Vizias, and the founder and executive director of the Austin Forum on Technology & Society and the Austin Smart City Alliance.

Jay Boisseau博士是 Dell Technologies的 人工智能和高性能计算技术战略家 ， Vizias 的首席执行官， 奥斯丁技术与社会论坛 和 奥斯丁智慧城市联盟 的创始人和执行董事 。

Lucas Wilson, Ph.D., is the chief data scientist in the HPC & AI Innovation Lab at Dell Technologies and the chief analytics officer for Vizias.

Lucas Wilson博士是 Dell Technologies 的HPC和AI创新实验室的首席数据科学家，也是 Vizias 的首席分析官 。

John Lockman is an AI researcher and developer in the HPC & AI Innovation Lab at Dell Technologies, the CTO for Vizias, and the Technology Director for the Austin Forum on Technology & Society.

John Lockman是 Dell Technologies 的HPC和AI创新实验室的AI研究人员和开发人员， Vizias 的CTO， 奥斯汀技术与社会论坛 的技术总监 。

翻译自: https://medium.com/austinforum/the-ongoing-quest-for-insight-and-foresight-39ef55f29a15

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