胶囊神经网络模型简介_胶囊网络简介

胶囊神经网络模型简介

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have been the backbone of the image classification and object detection developments seen over the past years. To achieve improving error rates on the famous ImageNet classification contest, CNN architectures became deeper and deeper and introduced skip layers (residual layers) between near layers and layers “deeper into” the model.

卷积神经网络(CNN)已成为过去几年中图像分类和对象检测发展的骨干力量。 为了在著名的ImageNet分类竞赛中提高错误率，CNN架构变得越来越深，并在近层和“更深入”模型的层之间引入了跳过层(残留层)。

CNN的局限性 (Limitations of CNNs)

However, besides all successes CNNs have major drawbacks. On a high level these limitations are:1. Focus on object existence, not localization2. Overlapping objects / Segmentation is a hard task3. Low 3D viewpoint variation

但是，除了所有成功之外，CNN都有很多缺点。 从总体上讲，这些限制是：1。 关注对象的存在，而不是本地化2。 重叠对象/细分是一项艰巨的任务3。 低3D视点变化

These limitations can be explained by the overall architecture used in CNNs. In each convolutional layer so called Feature Maps try to learn image features (e.g. lines, corners) based on image gradients. Before the output of one convolutional layer is fed into the next convolutional layer, a MaxPooling layer typically shrinks the feature resolution by factor 4 by only keeping the maximum value across a 2x2 pooling window. While this progressing feature map shrinkage allows the CNN to learn higher-level concepts in deeper layers and reduces computational complexity, we achieve viewpoint invariance, but we also lose the pose and location information of the object the detected by the CNN. Especially, we lose the relative spatial relationships between features. So far object detection/localization algorithms (SSD, YOLOv3) circumvented this limitation by performing image classification in parallel in multiple pre-selected frame within the original image. [1][2]

这些限制可以通过CNN中使用的整体体系结构来解释。 在每个卷积层中，所谓的特征贴图尝试根据图像梯度学习图像特征(例如，线，角)。 在将一个卷积层的输出馈送到下一个卷积层之前，MaxPooling层通常仅通过在2x2合并窗口中保持最大值将特征分辨率缩小4倍。 尽管这种不断发展的特征图收缩使CNN可以在更深的层中学习更高级的概念并降低计算复杂度，但我们实现了视点不变性，但同时也丢失了CNN检测到的物体的姿态和位置信息。 特别是，我们失去了要素之间的相对空间关