亚马逊和光环新网破裂
Yesterday, Amazon unveiled a new health and fitness tracking wristband called Halo, along with a subscription service and app, to rival existing wearables like the Apple Watch and Fitbit.
Ÿesterday，亚马逊推出了一个新的名为健康和健身跟踪腕带晕 ，与订阅服务和应用程序一起，像苹果的观察和Fitbit对手现有的穿戴式设备。
The $100 gadget comes with new features beyond what existing consumer health devices already offer: one that measures your percentage of body fat and another that analyzes your emotional state by listening to the tone of your voice. Like other wearable trackers, it also monitors physical activity, heart rate, and sleep phases.
这款售价100美元的小工具具有一些新功能，这些功能超出了现有的消费者保健设备已经提供的功能：一种可测量您体内脂肪的百分比，另一个可通过听声音来分析您的情绪状态。 像其他可穿戴追踪器一样，它还可以监视身体活动，心率和睡眠阶段。
One of the oldest and largest North American life insurers, John Hancock, is partnering with Amazon to offer its members a free Amazon Halo device and a three-year membership, which typically costs $3.99 a month. In exchange, members will have to hand over their data to their insurer, which will use it to award discounts on premiums and other rewards.
其中最古老的正 d北美最大的人寿保险公司，约翰汉考克，与亚马逊合作，提供会员免费亚马逊晕设备和三年的成员，通常花费每月$ 3.99 作为交换，会员必须将其数据移交给其保险公司，保险公司将使用该数据授予保费和其他奖励的折扣。
Other insurers could follow Hancock’s lead. Insurance companies are increasingly turning to tracking apps to monitor policyholders more closely, raising concerns over privacy, accuracy, and even discrimination.
其他保险公司可以效仿汉考克的领导。 保险公司越来越多地转向跟踪应用程序以更紧密地监视保单持有人，从而引发了对隐私，准确性甚至歧视的担忧。
In 2018, John Hancock announced it was transitioning its business model to only sell these so-called interactive policies, which allow plan holders to share data from smartphone apps and wearable devices.
2018年，约翰·汉考克(John Hancock)宣布将其商业模式转变为仅出售这些所谓的交互式政策 ，该计划允许计划持有人共享来自智能手机应用程序和可穿戴设备的数据。
“Consumers know that companies have a ton of data about them these days.”
“消费者知道这些天公司拥有大量有关他们的数据。”
The company has an existing app that integrates with the Apple Watch, Fitbit, and now Amazon Halo. Policyholders can earn points for doing things like exercising, buying healthy foods, and seeing their doctor. Those points accumulate and determine someone’s status level, which allows them to get discounts on their premiums and choose their own rewards, like gift cards. Brooks Tingle, president and CEO of John Hancock Insurance, tells OneZero that the company’s “most engaged” participants earn a 25% reduction on their life insurance premiums. People can choose not to share their data, but they don’t get the same perks.
该公司有一个现有应用程序，可与Apple Watch，Fitbit和现在的Amazon Halo集成。 投保人可以通过做运动，购买健康食品和看医生来赚取积分。 这些积分累积并确定某人的身份级别，这使他们可以获得自己的保费折扣，并选择自己的奖励(例如礼品卡)。 约翰·汉考克保险公司(John Hancock Insurance)总裁兼首席执行官布鲁克斯·廷格(Brooks Tingle)告诉OneZero ，该公司“最忙碌”的参与者的人寿保险费减少了25％。 人们可以选择不共享其数据，但是他们不会获得相同的待遇。
“Consumers know that companies have a ton of data about them these days,” Tingle says. “We are very clear about how we’ll use the data and how we won’t use the data. Customers really like that idea of ‘Hey, you’re giving me something in return for sharing data.’”
Tingle说：“如今，消费者知道公司拥有大量有关它们的数据。” “我们非常清楚如何使用数据以及如何不使用数据。 客户真的很喜欢这样的想法：“嘿，您给我一些共享数据的回报。”
Insurance companies have been experimenting with wearable tech for a few years — mostly in pilot programs — but Amazon Halo potentially offers more data to insurers than previous wearables.
保险公司多年来一直在尝试可穿戴技术，主要是在试点项目中进行尝试，但是Amazon Halo可能比以前的可穿戴设备向保险公司提供更多数据。
Tingle says his company is only interested in members’ sleep habits, heart rate, and activity data. It won’t be using voice tone or body fat information generated by Amazon Halo to calculate points. That’s not to say other insurers won’t take advantage of that data though.
廷格说，他的公司只对会员的睡眠习惯，心率和活动数据感兴趣。 它不会使用Amazon Halo生成的语音音调或身体脂肪信息来计算积分。 但这并不是说其他保险公司不会利用这些数据。
Insurance companies benefit from having more healthy members, and by offering wearables and apps to members, they’re betting that people will make healthier choices if they know they’re being monitored. Plus, Tingle argues, connecting fitness trackers to a program like John Hancock’s can incentivize users to stick with their wearables. “Once people start,” he says, “they don’t drop off like you might see them drop off in other settings. We’ve been very pleased with the results.”
保险公司从拥有更健康的会员中受益，并通过向会员提供可穿戴设备和应用程序，他们相信如果人们知道自己受到监视，他们将做出更健康的选择。 此外，Tingle认为，将健身追踪器连接到John Hancock这样的程序可以激励用户坚持自己的可穿戴设备。 他说：“一旦人们开始，他们就不会像在其他场合看到的那样掉下来。 我们对结果感到非常满意。”
The Amazon Halo-John Hancock partnership is part of a trend of insurance companies seeking personal data to motivate people to make healthier choices. Last year, Fitbit teamed up with UnitedHealthcare, the biggest health insurer in the United States, to offer its devices to some plan holders. Under the program, people with high-deductible health plans can earn more than $1,000 per year for out-of-pocket health care expenses by meeting a daily walking goal.
亚马逊Halo-John Hancock的合作伙伴关系是保险公司寻求个人数据以激励人们做出更健康选择的趋势的一部分。 去年，Fitbit与美国最大的健康保险公司UnitedHealthcare合作，向某些计划持有人提供其设备。 根据该计划 ，具有高扣除额医疗计划的人通过实现每日步行目标，每年可以自付医疗费用，收入超过1,000美元。
Another health insurer, New York-based Oscar, offers an app to plan holders that syncs to Apple Health, Google Fit, and other activity-tracking apps. Users can earn $1 a day if they meet their daily step goal and then cash out the money for an Amazon gift card. Aetna and Humana have also launched apps that offer rewards in exchange for meeting health goals.
另一家健康保险公司，位于纽约的奥斯卡(Oscar)， 提供了一个计划持有者的应用程序 ， 该应用程序可以与Apple Health，Google Fit和其他活动跟踪应用程序同步。 如果用户达到自己的日常目标，则每天可以赚取1美元，然后将其兑现以换成Amazon礼品卡。 Aetna和Humana还推出了可提供奖励以换取达到健康目标的应用程序。
While these initiatives and similar employer wellness programs promise enticing benefits to participants, there’s also a dark side to health tracking tied to rewards and insurance premiums.
尽管这些举措和类似的雇主健康计划有望为参与者带来诱人的收益，但是与奖励和保险费挂钩的健康跟踪也存在着不利的一面。
“Your insurer may even be able to figure out when you’re having sex.”
“您的保险公司甚至可以在您做爱时弄清楚。”
“I think there can be a real element of coercion to participate in insurance companies’ wellness programs because participation can lower premium costs or give you access to other services that usually cost money,” says Kellie Owens, PhD, a sociologist and health researcher at Data & Society, an independent nonprofit research organization in New York City.
“我认为参加保险公司的健康计划可能是真正的强制因素，因为参与可以降低保费成本或让您获得通常需要花钱的其他服务，”社会学和健康研究员Kellie Owens博士说。 Data＆Society，纽约市的独立非营利研究组织。
While a nudge from a wearable may be the boost some people need to get their daily exercise, a subset of people get so caught up in monitoring their activity that they become obsessive, anxious, or depressed. The effects of regularly using a body fat scanner and voice tone analyzer are unknown, but these features could have similarly negative effects.
虽然可穿戴设备带来的刺激可能是某些人进行日常锻炼所需要的动力，但一部分人却无法完全监控自己的活动，以至于他们变得痴迷，焦虑或沮丧 。 定期使用人体脂肪扫描仪和语音分析仪的效果尚不清楚，但这些功能可能会产生类似的负面影响。
There are also privacy, security, and accuracy concerns. As Lisa Carver, PhD, an assistant professor in kinesiology and health Queen’s University in Canada, pointed out in 2018, “your insurer may even be able to figure out when you’re having sex.” And while insurers pledge to keep your data safe, data breaches at health insurance companies are on the rise.
还存在隐私，安全性和准确性方面的问题。 正如加拿大女王大学运动机能和健康学助理教授丽莎·卡弗(Lisa Carver)博士在2018年指出的那样 ，“您的保险公司甚至可以弄清何时发生性行为。” 尽管保险公司保证保护您的数据安全，但健康保险公司的数据泄露事件正在上升。
Owens says there are questions about the accuracy of wearables, too. One of the risks of using information from health trackers to adjust insurance premiums or offer rewards is that the data could be incorrect or misleading.
欧文斯说，关于可穿戴设备的准确性也存在疑问。 使用来自健康跟踪器的信息来调整保险费或提供报酬的风险之一是数据可能不正确或具有误导性。
Amazon says Halo uses “multiple advanced sensors” to provide “highly accurate information,” but Halo isn’t a medical device. Unlike the Apple Watch and some other devices, Halo’s functions haven’t been cleared by the Food and Drug Administration. While its body scan feature may very well be a better indicator of health than a simple calculation of a person’s body mass index, a measurement that many scientists say is flawed, Amazon hasn’t released data on how well it works. (The company says it may do so in the future though.)
亚马逊表示，Halo使用“多个高级传感器”来提供“高度准确的信息”，但Halo并非医疗设备。 与Apple Watch和其他某些设备不同，Halo的功能尚未被美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)清除。 尽管它的身体扫描功能可能比简单计算一个人的身体质量指数更好地表明健康，但许多科学家称这种测量是有缺陷的 ，但亚马逊尚未发布有关其运行状况的数据。 (该公司表示，将来可能会这样做。)
As for its tone feature, voice analysis for mood detection isn’t new, but relying on it as a health indicator could be fraught since emotional expression can differ among men and women and across cultures.
至于音调功能，用于情绪检测的语音分析并不是什么新鲜事物，但是由于男女之间以及不同文化之间的情感表达可能不同，因此依靠它作为健康指标可能会让人感到困惑。
Halo and other devices may also come with baked-in bias. For instance, there’s evidence that heart rate monitors don’t work as well in people of color. And in Amazon’s own description of Halo, the company notes that its emotional tone feature currently works best for American English speakers.
Halo和其他设备也可能带有预烧偏压。 例如，有证据表明，有色人种的心率监测器效果不佳 。 在亚马逊自己对Halo的描述中 ，该公司指出，其情绪音调功能目前最适合说英语的人。
“I just wonder what that means for people speaking other languages or English with an accent, particularly if those folks are being incentivized to send that data to insurance wellness programs in some way,” Owens says. “Would they be less likely to receive financial or health benefits that other members are eligible for?”
欧文斯说：“我只是想知道这对讲其他语言或英语的人意味着什么，特别是如果这些人受到激励将其数据以某种方式发送给保险健康计划，那么这是什么意思。” “他们获得其他成员有资格获得的经济或健康利益的可能性会降低吗？”
If more insurers adopt these types of programs that use tracking apps and wearables, such incentives could potentially create economic inequities. People who don’t want to share data from activity trackers with their insurers — or those without the means to develop healthier habits — could be forced to pay more for insurance. For now, these insurance programs are optional, but it’s not hard to imagine them becoming the norm in the future.
如果更多的保险公司采用使用跟踪应用程序和可穿戴设备的此类计划，则这种激励措施可能会造成经济不平等。 那些不想与保险公司共享活动跟踪器的数据的人，或者那些不想养成更健康习惯的人，可能会被迫支付更多的保险费用。 目前，这些保险计划是可选的，但不难想象它们会在将来成为规范。
亚马逊和光环新网破裂
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