工业物联网与物联网区别_为什么物联网需要空白

工业物联网与物联网区别

White space is a critical concept in graphic design where white “empty” spaces around things and between things are essential to good design. In the increasingly complex digital and digital-physical space, designing experiences with digital white space brings much-needed focus to user needs.

W空间是图形设计中的一个关键概念，其中在事物周围和事物之间的白色“空白”空间对于良好的设计至关重要。 在日益复杂的数字和数字物理空间中，具有数字空白空间的设计体验带来了对用户需求的迫切需求。

交互设计中空白的目的 (The purpose of white space in interaction design)

White space between elements on a page provides a contrast to content. It gives things space to “breathe” and allows the focus of the page to be clear. Even the spaces within and between letters in typography are integral to the legibility of a typeface.

页面元素之间的空白与内容形成对比。 它为事物提供了“呼吸”的空间，并使页面的焦点清晰可见。 字体中字母之间及其之间的空格对于字体的可读性也是必不可少的。

It sounds easy, but often when you are faced with designing a poster, all the “empty” white space compels you to “fill it”. Providing more detail when space is available is tempting. It is a difficult exercise to edit a page down to the essential elements and convey your point.

听起来很容易，但是通常当您面对设计海报时，所有“空白”空白都会迫使您“填充”它。 在有可用空间时提供更多详细信息很诱人。 编辑页面至基本元素并传达您的观点是一项艰巨的任务。

The Google homepage uses white space to draw the user’s focus and inform them how to interact with the page. Google主页使用空白区域来吸引用户的焦点，并告知他们如何与页面进行交互。

The Google homepage is an excellent example of the functionality white space can offer in interaction design. The user comes to Google to search for something. The white space on the page draws all attention to the center where the search bar sits, cursor gently blinking at the ready. The lack of distraction on the page only highlights the utility. It is because of the white space that we know intuitively what to do next. Considering this “negative space” in any type of design is fundamental to communicating how to interact with a product.

Google主页是空白在交互设计中可以提供的功能的一个很好的例子。 用户来Google搜索。 页面上的空白区域将所有注意力吸引到搜索栏所在的中心，光标在准备就绪的位置轻轻闪烁。 页面上没有分散注意力只会突出显示该实用程序。 由于存在空白，我们直观地知道下一步该怎么做。 在任何类型的设计中都应考虑这种“负空间”，这是交流如何与产品交互的基础。

在物理设计中使用空白 (Using white space in physical design)

Silicone cabbage bowls by Yasuhiro Suzuki imply their function (to hold) with empty space. 铃木康弘(Yasuhiro Suzuki)的硅胶白菜碗暗示了它们的功能(可容纳)具有空的空间。

Kenya Hara writes about the concept of white space in his book Designing Design. He explains that the Japanese character for empty contains the character for white. The two concepts of “empty” and “white” are tied together. Empty space is not considered a waste but rather an expression of potential. Like how an empty bowl informs you of its function; to hold things. Hara’s process and way of thinking reveal the great complexity in thought that can go into designing something simple.

肯尼亚·哈拉 ( Kenya Hara )在他的《 设计设计》一书中谈到了空白的概念。 他解释说，空白的日语字符包含白色的字符。 “空”和“白色”这两个概念联系在一起。 空的空间不是浪费，而是潜力的表达。 就像一个空碗告诉你它的功能一样； 拿东西。 Hara的思维过程和方式揭示了思维的高度复杂性，可以将其设计为简单的东西。

This concept extends to product design. Naoto Fukasawa describes his philosophy of design as Plus Minus Zero. This means everything unnecessary must be removed, and only what is essential should remain. What results is often a beautiful, functional and minimalist product.

这个概念延伸到产品设计。 深泽直人(Naoto Fukasawa)将他的设计哲学描述为“加减零” 。 这意味着必须清除所有不必要的内容，而仅保留必要的内容。 结果通常是美观，实用和极简的产品。

Muji rice cooker by Naoto Fukasawa 深泽直人的无印良品电饭锅

The Muji rice cooker is one of Fukasawa’s designs. Every detail has been carefully pared down to the absolute minimum. He considers how a person might rest their rice spoon on top of the rice cooker to avoid dirtying the countertop. The only design cue for the spoon rest is a slightly raised ledge opposite the button for opening the lid. Yet this is all that is needed to convey functionality. When you are holding a rice covered spoon you search for a place to rest it. You have just closed your rice cooker and there is a perfect ledge on top to hold the spoon. You might put your spoon there and never give it a second thought.

无印良品电饭锅是深泽的设计之一。 每个细节都经过精心缩减，减少到最低限度。 他考虑了一个人如何将汤匙放在电饭锅上，以避免弄脏台面。 勺架的唯一设计提示是在按钮的对面有一个略微升高的凸缘，用于打开盖子。 但这就是传达功能所需要的。 当您拿着盖有饭的勺子时，您会寻找一个放置它的地方。 您刚刚关闭了电饭锅，并且上面有一个完美的壁架可用来盛汤匙。 您可能把汤匙放在那里，却再也没有想过。

“People shouldn’t really have to think about an object when they are using it. Not having to think about it makes the relationship between a person and an object run more smoothly.”

“人们在使用对象时不必真正考虑它。 无需考虑它，就可以使人与物体之间的关系更加顺畅。”

-Naoto Fukasawa

-深泽直人

This is an example of design fading into the background. It only enters your consciousness when you need it; it is useful and unobtrusive. The object itself becomes less important. Priority shifts to the person using it and their intent. When you use a well-designed product you hardly think about the product at all. It fits into your life effortlessly. The product becomes invisible and only the experience remains. Fukasawa was designing the interaction not just the object.

这是设计淡入背景的示例。 它仅在您需要时才进入您的意识。 它是有用的且不引人注目的。 对象本身变得不太重要。 优先权转移给使用它的人及其意图。 当您使用设计良好的产品时，您根本不会考虑该产品。 它毫不费力地适合您的生活。 产品变得无形，只有经验。 深泽设计的不仅仅是对象。

物联网中的空白 (White space in IoT)

Most internet of things products have been designed inside the tech-bubble. The people who design and build IoT experiences are usually already imbedded in a technologically advanced environment (think: Silicon Valley, or any major city). People tend to make products that fit the context of their daily lives because they are experts in their own lives. As a result, interaction with IoT is heavily influenced by advances in technical capabilities rather than common user needs and real problems.

大多数物联网产品都是在技术泡沫内部设计的。 设计和构建物联网体验的人们通常已经被嵌入技术先进的环境中(认为：硅谷或任何主要城市)。 人们倾向于生产适合自己日常生活的产品，因为他们是自己生活中的专家。 结果，与物联网的交互在很大程度上受到技术能力进步的影响，而不是受到普通用户需求和实际问题的影响。

Notifications from a connected umbrella. Photo: Joanna Stern, Wall Street Journal

来自已连接雨伞的通知。 照片：《华尔街日报》的乔安娜·斯特恩

Product companies are adding chips to their products with the intention of giving the user more options and features, often via an app. The Davek Alert Umbrella, for example, uses “Loss Alert Technology” to ensure you “never leave your umbrella behind again.” It does this by sending the “Loss Alerts” to your phone every time you lose contact with your umbrella.

产品公司正在向其产品中添加芯片，目的通常是通过应用程序为用户提供更多选择和功能。 例如， Davek Alert伞使用“ Loss Alert Technology”(丢失警报技术)来确保您“再也不会丢下伞”。 每次您失去与雨伞的联系时，它都会通过向手机发送“丢失警报”来实现此目的。

This system isn’t smart. It sends these alerts even if you leave your house on a sunny day, or if your internet is interrupted for a moment. It creates digital clutter, the opposite of white space. Most people will see the inherent ridiculousness of an app for your umbrella and not buy into this product. This approach of tacking a chip onto a product and half-heartedly solving a low-level user problem is not sustainable in the long term for a company. These projects only survive, for now, in start-up land.

这个系统不是很聪明。 即使您在晴朗的一天离开家，或者互联网暂时中断，它也会发送这些警报。 它会产生数字混乱，与空白相反。 大多数人会看到应用程序固有的荒谬性，而不是购买该产品。 从长远来看，这种将芯片粘贴到产品上并全心全意地解决低级用户问题的方法是不可持续的。 目前，这些项目只能在启动土地中生存。

Check out this twitter account to get an idea of how just how bad this approach can get: https://twitter.com/internetofshit

请查看此Twitter帐户，以了解这种方法的严重程度： https ： //twitter.com/internetofshit

Nest thermostat programs itself based on how you use it for just one week. Nest恒温器会根据您一周内的使用情况自行设置程序。

Another approach is to gather data that informs device behavior. This approach nudges the user out of the equation a little. An excellent example is the Nest Learning Thermostat. Users interact with Nest for the first week and then Nest takes this data and programs itself. The only further interaction is when the user corrects Nest and they do this by manually setting the thermostat, same as they would have done 20 years ago. This approach removes interactions from the overall experience and it takes a more technologically sophisticated device to accomplish that. The goal is to add white space to the user experience.

另一种方法是收集通知设备行为的数据。 这种方法会使用户稍微偏离方程式。 Nest Learning Thermostat是一个很好的例子。 用户在第一周与Nest互动，然后Nest获取这些数据并自行编程。 唯一的进一步交互是当用户校正Nest时，他们通过手动设置恒温器来进行此操作，就像20年前一样。 这种方法从整体体验中消除了互动，并且需要使用技术更先进的设备来实现。 目标是为用户体验添加空白。

The first approach maximizes user interaction with the connected device (via an app and added features). The second approach reduces user interaction and gives the majority of the control over to automation based on data. Both allow the user to correct it when it gets something wrong, but only with the second approach does the device do the work for you.

第一种方法(通过应用程序和附加功能)最大程度地提高了用户与连接设备的交互。 第二种方法减少了用户交互，并将大部分控制权交给了基于数据的自动化。 两者都允许用户在出现问题时纠正它，但是只有使用第二种方法，设备才能为您完成工作。

Designing for white space doesn’t mean we reduce technical capabilities, it just means that we consider how much of that complexity is exposed to the user.

为空白进行设计并不意味着我们要降低技术能力，而只是意味着我们要考虑将多少复杂性暴露给用户。

Just like the white space around the Google search bar, Nest’s automation and decisions based on usage data provide focus and a clear path for user interaction. Designing for white space doesn’t mean we reduce technical capabilities, it just means that we consider how much of that complexity is exposed to the user.

就像Google搜索栏周围的空白区域一样，Nest的自动化和基于使用情况数据的决策为用户交互提供了重点和清晰的途径。 为空白进行设计并不意味着我们要降低技术能力，而只是意味着我们要考虑将多少复杂性暴露给用户。

从哪儿开始 (Where to start)

We can see that automation is one way to design white space into user experience. But there are many other methods to use. Here are three things you can start with to improve the user experience of your product/service with white space:

我们可以看到，自动化是将空白设计为用户体验的一种方式。 但是还有许多其他方法可以使用。 您可以从以下三件事着手，用空白改善产品/服务的用户体验：

01 | Identify the core use case of your product.

01 | 确定产品的核心用例。

The core use case has probably not changed since pre-connected devices. If you are designing a lightbulb, the main intent is to provide light. If it’s a thermostat, the intent is to heat a home. It is most likely the same function that the non-connected counterpart performs. Like in the Google home page example, you need to provide a clear path for the user to engage. Optimize the user experience for the core use case.

自从预连接设备以来，核心用例可能没有改变。 如果要设计灯泡，主要目的是提供光。 如果是恒温器，其目的是为房屋供暖。 它很可能与未连接的对方执行相同的功能。 像在Google主页示例中一样，您需要提供清晰的路径供用户参与。 针对核心用例优化用户体验。

This experience needs to match or exceed user expectations to even be considered for purchase. Let’s take the connected light bulbs as an example. If your user can’t have light at the moment when they need it then they will stop having any interest in your product right there.

这种体验需要达到或超过用户期望，甚至可以考虑购买。 让我们以连接的灯泡为例。 如果您的用户在需要时暂时无法照明，那么他们将停止对您的产品产生任何兴趣。

Now, look at how technology can optimize the core use case experience. Where can we use technology and design to remove tasks for the user? Match user needs to the appropriate technology. Be selective about the features you make available; just because it can do 50 different things doesn’t mean it should. White space is all about the careful edit. What do we absolutely need and what can we do without? User testing and rapid prototyping can help tease out which features are essential and which ones can go.

现在，看看技术如何优化核心用例体验。 我们在哪里可以使用技术和设计为用户删除任务？ 使用户需求与适当的技术相匹配。 对您可用的功能保持选择性； 仅仅因为它可以做50种不同的事情，并不意味着它应该做。 空白是关于仔细编辑的全部内容。 我们绝对需要什么，而没有我们该怎么办？ 用户测试和快速原型制作可以帮助弄清哪些功能是必不可少的，哪些功能可以使用。

02 | Identify the points of friction.

02 | 确定摩擦点。

Fukasawa observed his customer’s journey and identified the dirty rice spoon as a point of friction, and then designed for it. Draw out your current customer journey. Any areas where your customer has difficulty using your product are major problems. Tackle these friction points individually. Keep in mind that each touchpoint the user has with your product should strengthen the core use case and key features. Sometimes clever solutions to little problems can make a big impact on the user experience.

深泽观察了他的顾客的旅程，并把脏的汤匙确定为摩擦点，然后为此进行了设计。 绘制您当前的客户旅程。 客户在使用产品时遇到困难的任何地方都是主要问题。 分别处理这些摩擦点。 请记住，用户与产品接触的每个接触点都应加强核心用例和关键功能。 有时，针对小问题的明智解决方案可能会对用户体验产生重大影响。

We noticed patterns in the types of friction points common to IoT user experiences and have gathered them in our article Eliminating Friction in IoT.

我们注意到了IoT用户体验中常见的摩擦点类型中的模式，并已在我们的文章《 消除IoT中的摩擦》中进行了介绍。

03 | Capitalize on the data you have available.

03 | 利用您可用的数据。

Wherever possible, use the data you have to inform how the device functions. What Nest does best is that it learns from every user interaction. It’s your job, and the job of the technology to do the brunt of the work. What remains is a simple and enjoyable user experience that strategically competes with both analog and digital solutions on the market. If the Davek connected umbrella could know when you have accidentally left your umbrella in a café, it would be a much better product. User data, when used correctly, can eliminate a lot of unnecessary interactions.

尽可能使用您需要的数据来告知设备如何运行。 Nest最擅长的是从每次用户交互中学习。 这项工作首当其冲，这是您的工作，也是技术的工作。 剩下的就是简单有趣的用户体验，可以与市场上的模拟和数字解决方案进行战略性竞争。 如果连接Davek的雨伞可以知道您何时不小心将雨伞留在了咖啡厅，那将是一个更好的产品。 如果正确使用用户数据，则可以消除许多不必要的交互。

具有“ 数字空白 ”的设计 (Design with “digital white space”)

The concept of digital white space in interaction and user experience design or is about minimizing user interactions. Embrace the principles of good design to create an innovative user experience. Only leave what is absolutely essential from the user to get the task done. Utilize connected technology and data to inform device function. When all of these things have been carefully considered then all the complexity of how a device works fades into the background, leaving only magical, seamless, functional user experience. Nothing more and nothing less.

交互和用户体验设计中的数字空白的概念，或与最小化用户交互有关的概念。 接受良好设计的原则，以创建创新的用户体验。 仅保留用户绝对必要的内容以完成任务。 利用连接的技术和数据来通知设备功能。 当所有这些事情都经过仔细考虑后，设备工作原理的所有复杂性就会消失在后台，仅留下神奇，无缝，功能性的用户体验。 一无所有。

Lily Kollé is a design and research lead at the argodesign Europe studio in Amsterdam. She specializes in strategic design research and user experience for a variety of international clients. See more of Lily’s work and her design philosophy at her website lilykolle.com.

LilyKollé是位于阿姆斯特丹的argodesign欧洲工作室的设计和研究主管。 她专门为各种国际客户从事战略设计研究和用户体验。 在她的网站 lilykolle.com上 了解Lily的更多作品和她的设计理念 。

翻译自: https://medium.com/ideal-design/why-the-internet-of-things-needs-white-space-83a9cc1594b2

工业物联网与物联网区别