sql简介_SQL简介

sql简介

A database is a set of data stored in a computer. This data is usually structured into tables. Tables can grow large and have a multitude of columns and records.

数据库是存储在计算机中的一组数据。 该数据通常被组织成表格。 表格可能会变得很大，并具有许多列和记录。

SQL (pronounced “S-Q-L” or “sequel”) allows you to write queries which define the subset of data you are seeking. Unlike Excel and Sheets, your computer and SQL will handle how to get the data; you can focus on what data you would like. You can save these queries, refine them, share them, and run them on different databases.

SQL(发音为“ SQL”或“ sequel”)使您可以编写查询来定义要查找的数据子集。 与Excel和Sheets不同，您的计算机和SQL将处理如何获取数据。 您可以专注于所需的数据。 您可以保存，优化，共享这些查询，以及在不同的数据库上运行它们。

什么是数据库？ (What is a Database?)

A database is a set of data stored in a computer. This data is usually structured in a way that makes the data easily accessible.

数据库是存储在计算机中的一组数据。 通常以易于访问数据的方式来构造数据。

表格：行和列 (Tables: Rows and Columns)

Tables can have hundreds, thousands, sometimes even millions of rows of data. These rows are often called records.

表可以包含成百上千行，有时甚至数百万行的数据。 这些行通常称为记录 。

Tables can also have many columns of data. Columns are labeled with a descriptive name (say, age for example) and have a specific data type.

表也​​可以具有许多数据列 。 列标有描述性名称(例如， age )，并具有特定的数据类型 。

For example, a column called age may have a type of INTEGER (denoting the type of data it is meant to hold).

例如，称为age的列可能具有INTEGER类型(表示它打算保存的数据类型)。

In the table above, there are three columns (name, age, and country).

上表中有三列( name ， age和country )。

The name and country columns store string data types, whereas age stores integer data types. The set of columns and data types make up the schema of this table.

name和country列存储字符串数据类型，而age存储整数数据类型。 列和数据类型的集合构成此表的架构。

The table also has four rows, or records, in it (one each for Natalia, Ned, Zenas, and Laura).

该表中还包含四行或记录(Natalia，Ned，Zenas和Laura分别为一行)。

什么是关系数据库管理系统(RDBMS)？ (What is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)?)

A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a program that allows you to create, update, and administer a relational database. Most relational database management systems use the SQL language to access the database.

关系数据库管理系统(RDBMS)是一个程序，允许您创建，更新和管理关系数据库。 大多数关系数据库管理系统都使用SQL语言来访问数据库。

什么是SQL？ (What is SQL?)

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming language used to communicate with data stored in a relational database management system. SQL syntax is similar to the English language, which makes it relatively easy to write, read, and interpret.

SQL(S tructured Q uery 大号 anguage)是用于与存储在关系数据库管理系统中的数据通信的一种编程语言。 SQL语法类似于英语，因此相对容易编写，阅读和解释。

Many RDBMSs use SQL (and variations of SQL) to access the data in tables. For example, SQLite is a relational database management system. SQLite contains a minimal set of SQL commands (which are the same across all RDBMSs). Other RDBMSs may use other variants.

许多RDBMS使用SQL(和SQL的变体)来访问表中的数据。 例如，SQLite是一个关系数据库管理系统。 SQLite包含最少SQL命令集(所有RDBMS都相同)。 其他RDBMS可以使用其他变体。

(SQL is often pronounced in one of two ways. You can pronounce it by speaking each letter individually like “S-Q-L”, or pronounce it using the word “sequel”.)

(SQL通常以两种方式之一发音。您可以通过像“ SQL”一样单独说每个字母来发音，也可以使用“ sequel”一词来发音。)

附加信息 ： (Additional info :)

流行的关系数据库管理系统 (Popular Relational Database Management Systems)

SQL syntax may differ slightly depending on which RDBMS you are using. Here is a brief description of popular RDBMSs:

根据使用的RDBMS，SQL语法可能略有不同。 这是流行的RDBMS的简要说明：

MySQL

MySQL

MySQL is the most popular open source SQL database. It is typically used for web application development, and often accessed using PHP.

MySQL是最流行的开源SQL数据库。 它通常用于Web应用程序开发，并且经常使用PHP进行访问。

The main advantages of MySQL are that it is easy to use, inexpensive, reliable (has been around since 1995), and has a large community of developers who can help answer questions.

MySQL的主要优点在于它易于使用，廉价，可靠(自1995年以来一直存在)，并且拥有大量可以帮助回答问题的开发人员。

Some of the disadvantages are that it has been known to suffer from poor performance when scaling, open source development has lagged since Oracle has taken control of MySQL, and it does not include some advanced features that developers may be used to.

其中的一些缺点是众所周知，在扩展时性能会受到影响，由于Oracle控制了MySQL，因此开放源代码开发滞后了，并且它不包含开发人员可能习惯的一些高级功能。

PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL is an open source SQL database that is not controlled by any corporation. It is typically used for web application development.

PostgreSQL是不受任何公司控制的开源SQL数据库。 它通常用于Web应用程序开发。

PostgreSQL shares many of the same advantages of MySQL. It is easy to use, inexpensive, reliable and has a large community of developers. It also provides some additional features such as foreign key support without requiring complex configuration.

PostgreSQL具有MySQL的许多相同优点。 它易于使用，便宜，可靠，并且拥有大量的开发人员。 它还提供了一些其他功能，例如外键支持，而无需进行复杂的配置。

The main disadvantage of PostgreSQL is that it is slower in performance than other databases such as MySQL. It is also less popular than MySQL which makes it harder to come by hosts or service providers that offer managed PostgreSQL instances.

PostgreSQL主要缺点是它的性能比MySQL等其他数据库慢。 它也不如MySQL流行，这使得提供托管PostgreSQL实例的主机或服务提供商更难获得。

Oracle DB

Oracle数据库

Oracle Corporation owns Oracle Database, and the code is not open sourced.

Oracle Corporation拥有Oracle数据库，并且该代码不是开源的。

Oracle DB is for large applications, particularly in the banking industry. Most of the world’s top banks run Oracle applications because Oracle offers a powerful combination of technology and comprehensive, pre-integrated business applications, including essential functionality built specifically for banks.

Oracle DB适用于大型应用程序，尤其是在银行业中。 世界上大多数顶级银行都在运行Oracle应用程序，因为Oracle提供了技术与全面，预先集成的业务应用程序的强大组合，其中包括专门为银行构建的基本功能。

The main disadvantage of using Oracle is that it is not free to use like its open source competitors and can be quite expensive.

使用Oracle的主要缺点是它不能像开源竞争对手一样免费使用，而且价格可能很高。

SQL Server

SQL服务器

Microsoft owns SQL Server. Like Oracle DB, the code is close sourced.

Microsoft拥有SQL Server。 像Oracle DB一样，代码是封闭源代码。

Large enterprise applications mostly use SQL Server.

大型企业应用程序大多使用SQL Server。

Microsoft offers a free entry-level version called Express but can become very expensive as you scale your application.

Microsoft提供了一个免费的入门级版本，称为Express，但随着您扩展应用程序的价格可能会非常昂贵。

SQLite

SQLite的

SQLite is a popular open source SQL database. It can store an entire database in a single file. One of the most significant advantages this provides is that all of the data can be stored locally without having to connect your database to a server.

SQLite是流行的开源SQL数据库。 它可以将整个数据库存储在一个文件中。 它提供的最重要的优势之一是，所有数据都可以本地存储，而不必将数据库连接到服务器。

SQLite is a popular choice for databases in cellphones, PDAs, MP3 players, set-top boxes, and other electronic gadgets. The SQL courses on Codecademy use SQLite.

对于手机，PDA，MP3播放器，机顶盒和其他电子产品中的数据库，SQLite是一个受欢迎的选择。 Codecademy上SQL课程使用SQLite。

翻译自: https://medium.com/@shiv07prasad/introduction-to-sql-9209733d5dc3

sql简介