易于使用的人工智能
重点 (Top highlight)
According to McKinsey, a lack of understanding of and strategy for AI is still the greatest barrier to its adoption in most organizations. People still often think about AI as science fiction, not as a tool that they can use to drive growth. Other organizations fear that leveraging their data more effectively would require data practices likely to turn consumers off.
根据麦肯锡 的说法，缺乏对人工智能的了解和战略仍然是大多数组织采用人工智能的最大障碍。 人们仍然经常将AI视为科幻小说 ，而不是可以用来推动增长的工具。 其他组织担心，要更有效地利用其数据，将需要采取可能会导致消费者关闭的数据实践。
The lack of general understanding and accessibility holds the field back and hurts many businesses that could benefit from more strategic deployment of AI. It’s a shame because AI can help businesses better meet evolving customer demands, especially when it comes to things that can make brands competitive in even the most difficult industries, like better customization and more personalized and efficient service.
缺乏普遍的了解和可访问性阻碍了该领域的发展，并伤害了许多可以从更具战略意义的AI部署中受益的企业。 真可惜，因为AI可以帮助企业更好地满足不断发展的客户需求，尤其是在可以使品牌甚至在最困难的行业中具有竞争力的事情上，例如更好的定制和更个性化，更高效的服务。
So how can professionals working in AI make it more accessible to the general, non-technical population? We have to prioritize a positive user experience or UX from the outset. UX may not commonly be the priority for AI experts, but if we want to continue to achieve higher adoption and utility, UX has to rank higher on the list.
那么从事AI工作的专业人士如何使普通非技术人员更容易使用它呢？ 从一开始，我们就必须优先考虑积极的用户体验或用户体验。 UX可能通常不是AI专家的优先事项，但是如果我们要继续实现更高的采用率和实用性，UX必须在列表上排名更高。
以人为本的人工智能 (Human-Centred AI)
No AI can operate totally independently; eventually, a person will be providing inputs or interacting with outputs. Perhaps, then, the most important way to make AI more accessible to the average person is to design AI with them in mind from the very start. Effective AI has both human-centric interfaces and functionality. To this end, we have to create models that solve the right problems by giving practical, autonomous solutions that users can easily put into action.
没有AI可以完全独立地运作； 最终，一个人将提供输入或与输出交互。 那么，使普通人更容易使用AI的最重要方法也许就是一开始就牢记AI的设计。 有效的AI具有以人为本的界面和功能。 为此，我们必须通过提供实用的， 自主解决方案 用户可以轻松实施 。
From a model design perspective, this means that:
从模型设计的角度来看，这意味着：
(a) the AI solves a real problem faced by users
(a)人工智能解决了用户面临的实际问题
(b) the AI solves that problem in a practical way that does not conflict with other priorities
(b)认可机构以不与其他优先事项相抵触的实际方式解决该问题
(c) the AI integrates easily into other operations
(c)认可机构可轻松整合至其他业务
(d) the AI interface and outputs are simple to use and understand
(d)AI界面和输出易于使用和理解
In other words, AI can’t be a one-size-fits-all solution. It needs to be customized to align with the needs and priorities of the end-user. No one wants to devote time to a tool that ultimately delivers little ROI for the effort required to understand it.
换句话说，AI不可能是一刀切的解决方案。 需要对其进行自定义以符合最终用户的需求和优先级。 没有人愿意花时间在一种工具上，而这种工具最终对于理解它所需要的努力却几乎没有提供ROI。
We instead have to be driven by the question, “How will this help my end user?”. All new functions and tools should be designed in response to actual business needs rather than our own ideas for disrupting their field. It’s why all data scientists today are also business scientists. Unless we fully understand the business context and the problems facing the end-user, we can’t design AI that will fully address their needs. Human-centric AI is ultimately preferable to even the most innovative models that are too complex for the end-user.
相反，我们必须考虑“这将如何帮助最终用户？”这个问题。 。 所有新功能和工具的设计都应针对实际业务需求，而不是针对破坏其领域的我们自己的想法。 这就是为什么今天所有的数据科学家也是商业科学家的原因 。 除非我们完全了解业务环境和最终用户面临的问题，否则我们将无法设计出能够完全满足其需求的AI。 最终，以人为中心的AI甚至比对于终端用户而言过于复杂的最具创新性的模型更为可取。
At my company Evo, for example, we created an Excel add-in that allows users to calculate forecasts and deliver recommendations inside an Excel spreadsheet rather than on our custom dashboard if they prefer. Why? Because our clients were already using Excel. They were comfortable in Excel. The Excel tool may not be as “cool” or outwardly innovative as the dashboards we custom-built using Shiny, but this interface matched client needs better. We can adapt our AI to fit the end-users’ current reality without compromising what matters (i.e. delivering automated, accurate pricing and supply chain recommendations). Ultimately, AI must solve clients’ problems, not create new ones. That means we adapt to their processes (such as integrating with Excel instead of always requiring a brand new tool) and provide clean, simple interfaces with no “fluff” functionality for any tools we design ourselves.
例如，在我的公司Evo ，我们创建了一个Excel加载项，允许用户计算预测并在Excel电子表格中提供建议，而不是根据需要在我们的自定义仪表板上提供建议。 为什么？ 因为我们的客户已经在使用Excel。 他们对Excel很满意。 Excel工具可能不如我们使用Shiny自定义构建的仪表板那么“酷”或在外观上有所创新，但是与客户端匹配的此界面需要更好。 我们可以调整AI以适应最终用户当前的实际情况，而不会影响重要的事情(即提供自动化，准确的价格和供应链建议)。 最终，人工智能必须解决客户的问题，而不是制造新的问题。 这意味着我们适应他们的流程(例如与Excel集成而不是总是需要一个全新的工具)，并提供干净，简单的界面，而对于我们自己设计的任何工具都没有“绒毛”功能。
AI aims to improve our lives; that’s impossible without human-centric design.
人工智能旨在改善我们的生活； 没有以人为本的设计，这是不可能的。
“By putting human-centred values in AI, we can bring about new renaissance of thinking and learning.” — Marc Tessier-Lavigne, President of Stanford University
“通过将以人为本的价值观纳入人工智能，我们可以带来思维和学习的新复兴。” 斯坦福大学校长Marc Tessier-Lavigne
设定现实的期望 (Setting Realistic Expectations)
Once you have designed the right AI tool, you still must set realistic expectations for its performance or risk alienating end-users who feel they aren’t getting what’s been promised. People often expect AI to be simultaneously smarter and dumber than it really is. They have high expectations for AI transformation while still depending on their own guts over the AI recommendations. The conflict leads to inevitable disappointments. When AI doesn’t live up to its loftiest promises, the user feels like something has broken.
设计正确的AI工具后，您仍然必须对其性能设定切合实际的期望 ，否则就有可能疏远认为自己没有兑现承诺的最终用户。 人们通常期望AI比实际更智能，更笨。 他们对AI转型抱有很高的期望，同时仍然依赖于自己对AI建议的勇气。 冲突导致不可避免的失望。 当AI未能履行其崇高的承诺时，用户会觉得有些事情坏了。
As a result, over-promising feeds negative UX. You may assume that it is better to under-promise and then surprise the user with exceeded expectations. Unfortunately, this can also make AI less accessible. People are often only willing to invest in learning a new technology if it can significantly improve on the old methods. By setting low expectations, you may inadvertently motivate people to use the technology incorrectly — or not use the AI at all. These negative sentiments carry over into the UX, making your AI seem like a waste.
结果，过多的承诺会带来负面的用户体验。 您可能会认为最好是承诺不足，然后用超出预期的程度使用户感到惊讶。 不幸的是，这也会使AI的可访问性降低。 如果新技术可以大大改进旧方法，人们通常只愿意投资学习新技术。 通过设定较低的期望，您可能会无意间激发人们错误地使用该技术，或者根本不使用AI。 这些负面情绪会延续到UX中，使您的AI看起来很浪费。
The only solution is honesty. Set realistic expectations for AI and meet them. This should include the promise that your AI will improve results over time, as it learns from doing. When people understand exactly what AI can do for them, they are much more likely to feel empowered to try it for themselves and trust the AI to give dependable results.
唯一的解决办法是诚实。 为AI设定现实的期望并实现它们。 这应包括您的AI会从中吸取教训的诺言，即随着时间的推移会改善结果。 当人们确切地了解AI可以为他们做什么时，他们更有可能感到有能力自行尝试并相信AI可以提供可靠的结果。
人工智能的用户体验归结为结果 (UX of AI Comes Down to Results)
Of course, design and expectations are just a part of what makes AI more accessible to non-tech users. No matter how much we focus on creating a friendly user interface for AI tools or ensure that expectations are in line with the actual purpose and utility of the AI, UX is going to be negative if the AI doesn’t deliver what it promises. Ultimately, it matters most if your AI works.
当然，设计和期望只是使非技术用户更容易使用AI的一部分。 无论我们专注于为AI工具创建友好的用户界面还是确保期望与AI的实际目的和用途相符，如果AI无法兑现其承诺，UX都将是负面的。 最终，最重要的是您的AI是否有效。
“Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.” -Steve Jobs
“设计不仅是外观和感觉。 设计就是它的工作方式。” -史蒂夫·乔布斯
Much of the user experience of AI comes down to results. If a company switches over to AI forecasting and gets worse results than they could get without the AI, they obviously are going to be resistant to change. Positive results will encourage the expansion of AI use. It may only take a single negative experience with your AI to discourage use long-term. Even unrelated AI technologies can sour a person’s relationship with the whole categories of AI, especially when it comes to business.
AI的许多用户体验都取决于结果。 如果一家公司转向AI预测并获得比没有AI时要糟糕的结果，那么他们显然会抗拒变化。 积极的结果将鼓励扩大AI的使用。 您的AI可能只需要经历一次负面体验，就无法长期使用。 甚至不相关的AI技术也可以使人与AI的整个类别之间的关系恶化，特别是在业务方面 。
We need to invest in getting AI right before turning it over to end-users. Your model doesn’t need to be perfect. After all, that’s an impossible dream. You do, however, need to be sure that you have created a robust algorithm that can deliver accurate insights now and learn to do better as it goes forward.
在将AI移交给最终用户之前，我们需要投资以正确实现AI。 您的模型不需要是完美的。 毕竟，那是一个不可能的梦想。 但是，您确实需要确保您已经创建了一个健壮的算法，该算法可以立即提供准确的见解，并学会做得更好。
Your model should be equipped for self-learning that adapts to disruptions and only gets more accurate over time. This kind of AI can not only avoid model drift, but it also becomes inherently more accessible. AI that stays just as useful during a crisis achieves far more value for the end-user — and that does more for positive UX than any other functionality.
您的模型应具有自我学习能力，可以适应干扰并随着时间的流逝而变得更加准确。 这种AI不仅可以避免模型漂移 ，而且本质上也更易于访问。 在危机期间保持同等有用的AI为最终用户带来了更多的价值-并且，对于积极的UX而言，它比其他任何功能都具有更多的价值。
将AI无障碍和UX放在首位 (Making AI Accessibility and UX Your Priority)
The good news for those of us that work in AI is that a better UX syncs with our own goals. AI should be human-centered for the sake of UX, but this demand ensures that our model has utility. Since UX requires setting the right expectations, data scientists and engineers have an opportunity to honestly assess the strengths and limitations of their models. Finally, UX of AI depends on the model working well — something we all agree is a priority for everyone involved.
对于我们这些从事AI工作的人来说，好消息是，更好的UX与我们自己的目标保持同步。 出于UX的考虑，AI应该以人为中心，但是这种需求确保了我们的模型具有实用性。 由于UX需要设定正确的期望，因此数据科学家和工程师有机会诚实地评估其模型的优势和局限性。 最后，人工智能的用户体验取决于模型能否正常运行-我们都认为这是所有参与人员的当务之急。
It’s no surprise that UX and data visualization experts are in high demand right now. People who work in AI have discovered that even the best model is useless unless end users can leverage both the technology itself and its recommendations easily. Even during a worldwide economic crisis, the UX of AI is something smart AI companies and departments are investing in. Here at Evo, we’re currently hiring data visualization developers. UX has become an investment in the future that is vital for anyone who plans to grow the impact of AI.
UX和数据可视化专家现在的需求量不足为奇。 从事AI工作的人们已经发现，除非最终用户可以轻松利用技术本身及其建议，否则即使最好的模型也无济于事。 即使在全球经济危机期间，人工智能的用户体验也是明智的AI公司和部门正在投资的东西。在Evo，我们目前正在招聘数据可视化开发人员。 UX已成为未来的一项投资，对于计划扩大AI影响力的任何人来说，这都是至关重要的。
AI has the potential to revolutionize the economy in the next decade, but only if companies continue to adopt and use AI in more areas of their businesses. That’s only possible if everyone working in AI makes a commitment to making AI as accessible as possible to the general public. It’s time to demystify AI and embrace it as a tool to improve everyone’s lives — not just those of us who understand the deeper technology.
人工智能有潜力在未来十年内改变经济，但前提是公司必须继续在其更多业务领域采用和使用人工智能。 这只有在从事AI的每个人都致力于使AI对公众尽可能开放的情况下才有可能。 现在是时候揭开AI神秘面纱，并将其作为改善所有人生活的工具了，而不仅仅是我们那些了解更深层次技术的人。
翻译自: https://medium.com/towards-artificial-intelligence/making-ai-more-accessible-a554efcfe433
易于使用的人工智能
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