mbes多波束回声测深仪基础知识

A Multibeam Echo Sounder (MBES) System measures the relative water depths across a wide swath perpendicular to a vessel’s track using focused beamforming.

多波束回声测深仪(MBES)系统使用聚焦波束成形来测量垂直于船舶航迹的宽幅水域的相对水深。

A Multibeam echosounder (MBES) can measure depths along a swath simultaneously in one ping — more area is ensonified than that of a Single Beam Echo Sounder (SBES). MBES system can cover more area in less time than an SBES. However, MBES is less tolerant regarding timing synchronization, heading accuracy, and motion accuracy. The quality of MBES data is subject to system frequency, swath sector, beamwidth, and range resolution. The working water depths determine the frequency of transducer used.

多波束回声测深仪(MBES)可以一次测量一次沿测深的深度-比单波束回声测深仪(SBES)声纳更大的区域。 与SBES相比，MBES系统可以在更短的时间内覆盖更多区域。 但是，MBES在定时同步，航向精度和运动精度方面的容忍度较低。 MBES数据的质量取决于系统频率，条带扇区，波束宽度和范围分辨率。 工作水深决定了所用传感器的频率。

The MBES projector transmits a pulse of acoustic energy, which travels through the water column and is reflected/refracted back from the seabed, or other objects in its path (i.e., wrecks, water column data, fish). The received signal is digitized by internal electronics and sent to the topside surface control unit for beamforming and processing. The SCU (sonar processor) generates a video display and is the interface between the operator and the MBES as well as formatting data to be processed.

MBES投影仪发射声能脉冲，该声能脉冲穿过水柱，并从海床或其路径中的其他对象(例如，沉船，水柱数据，鱼类)反射/折射回去。 接收到的信号由内部电子设备数字化，然后发送到上表面控制单元进行波束成形和处理。 SCU(声纳处理器)生成视频显示，并且是操作员与MBES之间的接口以及格式化要处理的数据。

https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/crater-lake-combined-digital-elevation-and-bathymetric-map-showing https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/crater-lake-combined-digital-elevation-and-bathymetric-map-showing

Current swath sounding systems utilize two different technologies to achieve bathymetry measurements across a “swath” of the seafloor:

当前的条带测深系统利用两种不同的技术来实现对海底“条带”的水深测量：

1. Beamforming (multibeam echo sounders), and
   波束成形(多波束回声测深仪)，以及
2. interferometric or phase discrimination sonars.
   干涉或相位辨别声纳。

Both of these techniques have their merits, however, the same end results are achieved.

这两种技术各有千秋，但最终结果却是相同的。

Multibeam echo sounders (MBES) collect bathymetric soundings in a swath perpendicular to the ship track by electronically forming a series of transmitting and receiving beams in the transducer hardware which measure the depth to the seafloor in discrete angular increments or sectors across the swath (Hughes-Clarke, J.E., Mayer, L.A., and Wells, D.E., 1996). Various transmit frequencies are utilized by different MBES systems depending on the seafloor depth. For example, low frequency (12 kHz) systems can collect swath soundings at full ocean depths, many up to 10,000 meters. In contrast, high-frequency MBES systems (300+ kHz) are utilized for collecting swath bathymetry in depths of 20 meters or less.

多波束回声测深仪(MBES)通过在换能器硬件中电子形成一系列发射和接收波束来收集垂直于船舶航迹的测深测深，这些波束以离散的角度增量或跨测幅的扇区来测量海底深度(休斯-克拉克(JE)，洛杉矶迈耶(Mayer)和德国威尔斯(1996)。 不同的MBES系统会根据海底深度使用各种发射频率。 例如，低频(12 kHz)系统可以在整个海洋深度(许多长达10,000米)中收集条幅测深。 相反，高频MBES系统(300+ kHz)用于收集20米或更短深度的条幅测深图。

In contrast, the term “interferometry” is generally used to describe swath-sounding sonar techniques that use the phase content of the sonar signal to measure the angle of a wavefront returned from a sonar target. When backscattered sound energy is received back at the transducer, the angle the return ray of acoustic energy makes with the transducer is measured. The range is calculated from two-way travel time. The angle is determined by knowing the spacing between elements within the transducer, the phase difference of the incoming wavefront, and the wavelength (Submetrix 2000 Series Training Pack, 2000, Submetrix Ltd., Bath, U.K.).

相反，术语“干涉测量法”通常用于描述条幅声纳技术，该技术使用声纳信号的相位内容来测量从声纳目标返回的波前的角度。 当在换能器处接收到反向散射的声能时，将测量声能返回射线与换能器所成的角度。 该范围是根据双向行驶时间计算得出的。 通过了解换能器内元件之间的间距，入射波前的相位差和波长来确定角度(Submetrix 2000 Series Training Pack，2000，Submetrix Ltd.，英国巴斯)。

相位差测深声纳 (Phase Differencing Bathymetric Sonar)

The phase is measured at each of several receive elements which are spaced at precisely known distances. The angle from which the return originated is calculated using differences in the phase as measured at each element.

在以精确已知的距离隔开的几个接收元件的每一个处测量相位。 使用在每个元素上测得的相位差来计算返回的起始角度。

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