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It is indeed perplexing how a multi-cellular organism (like us) is able to create itself from a single cell. It’s curiously interesting to think about how cells are able to join together to create multicellular organisms where every cell (i.e. every cell lineage) is needed to create the final organism.
确实，令人困惑的是，多细胞生物(如我们)如何能够从单个细胞中产生自身。 想一想细胞如何能够结合在一起以形成多细胞生物，而每个细胞(即每个细胞谱系)都需要产生最终生物，这是非常有趣的。
A cell divides 50 times, each division leading to two specializations of itself. Cell divisions eventually lead to an organism in which there are 2⁵⁰ single-celled organisms composed of over 1 quadrillion cells.
一个细胞分裂50次，每次分裂导致其自身的两个特化。 细胞分裂最终导致一种生物，其中有2个单细胞生物，由1个以上的万亿细胞组成。
Constructing itself not through a single centralized coordinator, but rather a multitude of cells reading their own copies of DNA. The different cells within an organism read their own copies of the DNA and proceed to create a multitude of cells with their own agendas and tasks to perform independently from the others. This is how distributed autonomous organizations work. The interesting implication behind this fact is that there is no single point of control or planning. Instead, each cell can proceed without coordinating with the rest, as long as the DNA to perform a certain task is copied and understood by the cell itself. Independently of one another, thousands of cells of the organism can perform actions that will result in the desired goal.
构建自己的过程不是通过单个中央协调器，而是通过多个读取其自身DNA副本的细胞进行。 生物体内的不同细胞读取自己的DNA副本，然后继续创建具有各自任务和任务的细胞，以独立于其他细胞执行任务。 这就是分布式自治组织的工作方式。 这个事实背后的有趣含义是，没有单一的控制点或计划点。 相反，只要执行特定任务的DNA被细胞本身复制并理解，每个细胞就可以在不与其余细胞协调的情况下进行。 彼此独立地，有机体的数千个细胞可以执行将导致所需目标的动作。
Each cell reads its epigenome and senses it’s immediate surroundings to determine the appropriate goal in the appropriate context. It’s a massively parallel process. But a cell’s immediate surroundings are extremely dynamic. The cell is socially woven into a complex web. This extracellular matrix is constantly moving and changing, the cell must, therefore, be transforming in response. A cell must be effector and executor at the same time. It must respond to the changing world, and by changing itself it changes its environment.
每个细胞读取其表观基因组并感知其周围环境，以在适当的环境中确定适当的目标。 这是一个大规模的并行过程。 但是细胞的周围环境非常动态。 该单元在社交上编织成复杂的网络。 这种细胞外基质一直在移动和变化，因此，细胞必须在响应中进行转化。 一个单元必须同时是效应器和执行器。 它必须对不断变化的世界作出React，并且通过改变自身就可以改变其环境。
In order to attain the goal of a complete organism, its embryonic cells must completely crawl through a constantly shifting maze. But to get to the end of the maze, the members of this collective must be able to work together. Every single cell is responsible for performing its own error-correction to ensure the integrity of the whole. Chaos can easily break-up this collaborative process. The integrity of the whole only depends on the integrity of the cells. What happens in one cell will have an impact on the whole — like a big drop of water that makes all the other drops overflow. Small changes in the environment can snowball if they are not regulated in time.
为了实现完整生物体的目标，其胚胎细胞必须完全通过不断变化的迷宫爬行。 但是，要走到迷宫的尽头，这个集体的成员必须能够一起工作。 每个单元负责执行自己的纠错，以确保整体的完整性。 混乱可以轻松地打破这种协作过程。 整体的完整性仅取决于细胞的完整性。 一个单元格中发生的事情将对整个系统产生影响-就像一大滴水使其他所有水滴溢出一样。 如果不及时监管，环境中的小变化可能会滚雪球。
How is it that each self-transformation preserves the structure of the whole? We see that each transformation maintains a symmetry to the whole system, thus preserving the structure as a whole. This means that the structure is stable, that it is stable with respect to certain interactions occurring at every scale. To say that it is stable means that it pursues a coherent orbit under such interactions. Given a complex adaptive system, the main emergences of the system are determined by the fact that the interactions of the system promote certain interactions that amplify and maintain the relevant symmetries of the whole. Whatever is significant to the system is the way it adapts and stabilizes its structure in the interactions with its environment.
每个自我转换如何保留整个结构？ 我们看到每个变换都对整个系统保持对称，从而保留了整个结构。 这意味着该结构是稳定的，相对于在每个尺度上发生的某些相互作用它都是稳定的。 说它是稳定的意味着它在这样的相互作用下追求一个连贯的轨道。 给定一个复杂的自适应系统，系统的主要出现是由以下事实决定的：系统的交互作用会促进某些交互作用，从而放大并保持整体的相关对称性。 对于系统而言，重要的是在与环境的交互中适应和稳定其结构的方式。
How does it preserve structure in a decentralized manner? Indeed there must be some sophisticated cognition taking place in the morphogenesis of any animal. What maintains conformation in the absence of centralized consciousness? Perhaps the similarity of each epigenome in a cell’s vicinity provides the context for coordinated behavior. It is conceivable that the similarity of epigenomes creates an energetic tendency, and each cell behaves in a manner that is compatible with its adjacent cells. The local geometry is in an attractor landscape that determines the structure and progression of the local region.
如何以分散的方式保留结构？ 确实，任何动物的形态发生中都必定有一些复杂的认知。 在缺乏集中意识的情况下，什么能保持构象？ 也许细胞附近每个表观基因组的相似性为协调行为提供了背景。 可以想象，表观基因组的相似性会产生一种活跃的趋势，并且每个细胞的行为都与其相邻细胞相容。 局部几何体位于吸引子景观中，该景观确定了局部区域的结构和进度。
It, therefore, is not a leap to imagine that the brain itself also uses an analogous self-preserving transformation engine to also construct itself. In this way, we may understand not only how the brain forms but also how understanding itself the most important component of thought processes — may be made to develop organically, from the inside out. Only in this way can we account for the way the brain forms ourselves, stores our understanding, make it available to us and, when that understanding has been used, then makes a part of our memory again, so that it can be called upon again and reused.
因此，想像一下大脑本身也使用类似的自我保存转换引擎来构造自己，这并不是一个飞跃。 通过这种方式，我们不仅可以理解大脑的形成方式，而且可以理解如何自我理解，这是思维过程中最重要的组成部分，可以使大脑由内而外有机地发展。 只有这样，我们才能说明大脑形成自我，存储我们的理解，将其提供给我们的方式，并且当这种理解被使用后，便会再次成为我们记忆的一部分，以便可以再次调用它并重复使用。
Not only does it do so to construct the neurons and its neuroglia, it probably employs the same mechanism in the virtual space of cognition. That is, our mind creates itself from within. Indeed minds are themselves all creations of their own.
它不仅可以构建神经元及其神经胶质，而且在虚拟的认知空间中可能采用相同的机制。 也就是说，我们的思想是从内部创造的。 确实，思想本身就是他们自己的全部创造。
This notion of self-referentiality can easily fall into the trap of infinite regress and just blow up. But it simply doesn’t, it just does what it needs to get done. If it was not for this strange loop, it would be impossible to conceive of the mind as something real or concrete, in the same way, I can’t conceive of a universe without relation to my mind. This relationship and imagining of self-referentiality is evidence of the realness and concreteness of the mind.
这种自我指称的概念很容易落入无限回归的陷阱中，然后就爆炸了。 但是，事实并非如此，它只是完成所需的工作。 如果不是因为这个奇怪的循环，就不可能以相同的方式将思想想象为真实的或具体的东西，我无法构想没有与我的思想无关的宇宙。 这种关系和对自我指称的想象证明了思想的真实性和具体性。
Therefore any model of general intelligence must take into account the same principles as what makes life possible. At a minimum, this includes self-referentiality, autopoiesis, homeostasis, and learning. These principles are common to all-natural systems, so any non-biological model of general intelligence would have to reproduce these principles. Neglecting these principles leads to the artificial intelligence community making slow progress toward developing a model of general intelligence or self-improving autonomous systems.
因此，任何通用情报模型都必须考虑与使生命成为可能的原则相同的原则。 至少，这包括自我指称，自我创造，体内平衡和学习。 这些原则是全自然系统共有的，因此，任何通用的非生物模型都必须重现这些原则。 忽略这些原则会导致人工智能界在开发通用智能模型或自我完善的自治系统方面进展缓慢。
At a fundamental level, morphogenesis involves a learning process. An organism can only create itself using an adaptive error-correction process that shares a commonality with inference and learning.
从根本上讲，形态发生涉及学习过程。 生物只能使用与推理和学习有共同点的自适应错误校正过程来创建自己。
The very thesis that cells are simple mechanistic automation is absurd. There is simply not enough intrinsic competence to make self-creation a possibility.
单元是简单的机械自动化这一论点是荒谬的。 根本没有足够的内在能力使自我创造成为可能。
This implies an impossibility in creating an alternative general intelligence without a biological substrate. This is the easy problem. The hard problem is to use existing silicon and perhaps discover a slice of functionality that is sufficient enough to lead to useful high-level intelligence. In short, remove all the extra-baggage and begin with a minimal set required for cognition.
这意味着在没有生物底物的情况下不可能创建替代的一般情报。 这是容易的问题。 棘手的问题是使用现有的芯片，也许会发现足以导致有用的高级智能的一部分功能。 简而言之，请删除所有多余的行李，并从认知所需的最小集合开始。
There are several observations that may imply that this may be possible. (1) The intelligence to construct oneself is already contained in a single tiny cell. (2) high-level cognition may be sufficiently decoupled from physical structure such that this is not a physical problem but rather a virtual one.
有一些观察可能暗示这是可能的。 (1)构造自己的智慧已经包含在一个微小的单元格中。 (2)高层次的认知可能与物理结构充分脱钩，因此这不是物理问题，而是虚拟问题。
To achieve AGI requires simply the virtualization of the same process that allows life and brains to recreate itself.
要实现AGI，只需要对同一过程进行虚拟化，就可以使生命和大脑重新创建自己。
Disclaimer: Parts of this text were generated by GPT-3.
免责声明：本文的部分内容由GPT-3生成。
翻译自: https://medium.com/intuitionmachine/the-promise-of-agis-that-grow-themselves-604cd93edf0a
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