奇异值值分解。svd_推荐系统-奇异值分解（SVD）和截断SVD

奇异值值分解。svd

The most common method for recommendation systems often comes with Collaborating Filtering (CF) where it relies on the past user and item dataset. Two popular approaches of CF are latent factor models, which extract features from user and item matrices and neighborhood models, which finds similarities between products or users.

推荐系统最常用的方法通常是协作过滤(CF)，它依赖于过去的用户和项目数据集。 CF的两种流行方法是潜在因子模型，它们从用户和项目矩阵以及邻域模型中提取特征，从而发现产品或用户之间的相似性。

The neighborhood model is an item-oriented approach to discover the user preference based on the ratings given by the user for similar items. On the other hand, latent factor models such as Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) extract features and correlation from the user-item matrix. For example, when items are movies in different categories. SVD would generate factors when looking into the dimension space like action vs comedy, Hollywood vs Bollywood, or Marvel vs Disney. Mainly, we will focus on the latent factor model for the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) approach.

邻域模型是一种面向项目的方法，用于根据用户对相似项目给出的评分来发现用户偏好。 另一方面，诸如奇异值分解(SVD)之类的潜在因子模型从用户项矩阵中提取特征和相关性。 例如，当项目是不同类别的电影时。 SVD在调查维度空间时会产生各种因素，例如动作与喜剧，好莱坞与宝莱坞或漫威与迪士尼。 主要，我们将专注于奇异值分解(SVD)方法的潜在因子模型。

In this article, you will learn the singular value decomposition and truncated SVD of the recommender system:

在本文中，您将学习推荐系统的奇异值分解和截断SVD：

(1) Introduction to singular value decomposition

(1)奇异值分解导论

(2) Introduction to truncated SVD

(2)截断SVD简介

(3) Hands-on experience of python code on matrix factorization

(3)关于矩阵分解的python代码的实践经验

奇异值分解导论 (Introduction to singular value decomposition)

When it comes to dimensionality reduction, the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is a popular method in linear algebra for matrix factorization in machine learning. Such a method shrinks the space dimension from N-dimension to K-dimension (where K<N) and reduces the number of features. SVD constructs a matrix with the row of users and columns of items and the elements are given by the users’ ratings. Singular value decomposition decomposes a matrix into three other matrices and extracts the factors from the factorization of a high-level (user-item-rating) matrix.

在降维方面，奇异值分解(SVD)是线性代数中机器学习中矩阵分解的一种流行方法。 这种方法将空间尺寸从N维缩小到K维(其中K <N)，并减少了特征数量。 SVD用用户的行和项目的列构造一个矩阵，并且元素由用户的等级给出。 奇异值分解将矩阵分解为其他三个矩阵，并从高级(用户项评级)矩阵的分解中提取因子。

Matrix U: singular matrix of (user*latent factors)Matrix S: diagonal matrix (shows the strength of each latent factor)Matrix U: singular matrix of (item*latent factors)

矩阵U：(用户*潜在因子)的奇异矩阵矩阵S：对角矩阵(显示每个潜在因子的强度)矩阵U：(项目*潜在因子)的奇异矩阵

From matrix factorization, the latent factors show the characteristics of the items. Finally, the utility matrix A is produced with shape m*n. The final output of the matrix A reduces the dimension through latent factors’ extraction. From the matrix A, it shows the relationships between users and items by mapping the user and item into r-dimensional latent space. Vector X_i is considered each item and vector Y_u is regarded as each user. The rating is given by a user on an item as R_ui