两个方法的背景
这两个方法看起来做着同样的事情,但实际上又有些不一样。看源码部分是这样的package java.util.stream;
map()方法/**
* @param The element type of the new stream
* @param mapper a non-interfering,
* function to apply to each element
* @return the new stream
*/
Stream map(Function super T, ? extends R> mapper);
flatMap()方法/**
* @param The element type of the new stream
* @param mapper a non-interfering,
* function to apply to each element which produces a stream
* of new values
* @return the new stream
*/
Stream flatMap(Function super T, ? extends Stream extends R>> mapper);
Stream map() Method
看源码做推测,map是一种中间操作,返回的是Stream
代码测试
map()方法public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Output with simple list");
List vowels = Arrays.asList("A", "E", "I", "O", "U");
vowels.stream().map(vowel -> vowel.toLowerCase())
.forEach(value -> System.out.println(value));
List haiList = new ArrayList<>();
haiList.add("hello");
haiList.add("hai");
haiList.add("hehe");
haiList.add("hi");
System.out.println("Output with nested List of List");
List welcomeList = new ArrayList<>();
welcomeList.add("You got it");
welcomeList.add("Don't mention it");
welcomeList.add("No worries.");
welcomeList.add("Not a problem");
List> nestedList = Arrays.asList(haiList, welcomeList);
nestedList.stream().map(list -> {
return list.stream().map(value -> value.toUpperCase());
}).forEach(value -> System.out.println(value));
}
OutputOutput with simple list
a
e
i
o
u
Output with nested List of List
java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3@3b9a45b3
java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3@7699a589
flatMap()方法public static void main(String[] args) {
List haiList = new ArrayList<>();
haiList.add("hello");
haiList.add("hai");
haiList.add("hehe");
haiList.add("hi");
System.out.println("Output with nested List of List");
List welcomeList = new ArrayList<>();
welcomeList.add("You got it");
welcomeList.add("Don't mention it");
welcomeList.add("No worries.");
welcomeList.add("Not a problem");
List> nestedList = Arrays.asList(haiList, welcomeList);
nestedList.stream().flatMap(
list -> list.stream())
.map(value -> value.toUpperCase())
.forEach(value -> System.out.println(value));
}
OutputOutput with nested List of List
HELLO
HAI
HEHE
HI
YOU GOT IT
DON'T MENTION IT
NO WORRIES.
NOT A PROBLEM
Java 8 map() vs flatMap()map()和flatMap()方法都可以应用于Stream 和Optional 。 并且都返回Stream 或Optional 。
区别在于,映射操作为每个输入值生成一个输出值,而flatMap操作为每个输入值生成任意数量(零个或多个)的值。 在flatMap()中,每个输入始终是一个集合,可以是List或Set或Map。 映射操作采用一个函数,该函数将为输入流中的每个值调用,并生成一个结果值,该结果值将发送到输出流。 flatMap操作采用的功能在概念上想消耗一个值并产生任意数量的值。 但是,在Java中,方法返回任意数量的值很麻烦,因为方法只能返回零或一个值。
代码public static void main(String[] args) {
List together = Stream.of(Arrays.asList(1, 2), Arrays.asList(3, 4)) // Stream of List
.map(List::stream)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("Output with map() -> "+together);
List togetherFlatMap = Stream.of(Arrays.asList(1, 2), Arrays.asList(3, 4)) // Stream of List
.flatMap(List::stream)
.map(integer -> integer + 1)
.collect(Collectors.toList());
System.out.println("Output with flatMap() -> "+togetherFlatMap);
}
OutputOutput with map() -> [java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head@16b98e56, java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head@7ef20235]
Output with flatMap() -> [2, 3, 4, 5]