java flatmapfunction_Java 8 中 map() 和 flatMap()的那些事

两个方法的背景

这两个方法看起来做着同样的事情，但实际上又有些不一样。看源码部分是这样的package java.util.stream;

map()方法/**

* @param The element type of the new stream

* @param mapper a non-interfering,

* stateless

* function to apply to each element

* @return the new stream

*/

Stream map(Function super T, ? extends R> mapper);

flatMap()方法/**

* @param The element type of the new stream

* @param mapper a non-interfering,

* stateless

* function to apply to each element which produces a stream

* of new values

* @return the new stream

*/

Stream flatMap(Function super T, ? extends Stream extends R>> mapper);

Stream map() Method

看源码做推测，map是一种中间操作，返回的是Stream

代码测试

map()方法public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Output with simple list");

List vowels = Arrays.asList("A", "E", "I", "O", "U");

vowels.stream().map(vowel -> vowel.toLowerCase())

.forEach(value -> System.out.println(value));

List haiList = new ArrayList<>();

haiList.add("hello");

haiList.add("hai");

haiList.add("hehe");

haiList.add("hi");

System.out.println("Output with nested List of List");

List welcomeList = new ArrayList<>();

welcomeList.add("You got it");

welcomeList.add("Don't mention it");

welcomeList.add("No worries.");

welcomeList.add("Not a problem");

List> nestedList = Arrays.asList(haiList, welcomeList);

nestedList.stream().map(list -> {

return list.stream().map(value -> value.toUpperCase());

}).forEach(value -> System.out.println(value));

}

OutputOutput with simple list

a

e

i

o

u

Output with nested List of List

java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3@3b9a45b3

java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3@7699a589

flatMap()方法public static void main(String[] args) {

List haiList = new ArrayList<>();

haiList.add("hello");

haiList.add("hai");

haiList.add("hehe");

haiList.add("hi");

System.out.println("Output with nested List of List");

List welcomeList = new ArrayList<>();

welcomeList.add("You got it");

welcomeList.add("Don't mention it");

welcomeList.add("No worries.");

welcomeList.add("Not a problem");

List> nestedList = Arrays.asList(haiList, welcomeList);

nestedList.stream().flatMap(

list -> list.stream())

.map(value -> value.toUpperCase())

.forEach(value -> System.out.println(value));

}

OutputOutput with nested List of List

HELLO

HAI

HEHE

HI

YOU GOT IT

DON'T MENTION IT

NO WORRIES.

NOT A PROBLEM

Java 8 map() vs flatMap()map()和flatMap()方法都可以应用于Stream 和Optional 。 并且都返回Stream 或Optional 。

区别在于，映射操作为每个输入值生成一个输出值，而flatMap操作为每个输入值生成任意数量(零个或多个)的值。 在flatMap()中，每个输入始终是一个集合，可以是List或Set或Map。 映射操作采用一个函数，该函数将为输入流中的每个值调用，并生成一个结果值，该结果值将发送到输出流。 flatMap操作采用的功能在概念上想消耗一个值并产生任意数量的值。 但是，在Java中，方法返回任意数量的值很麻烦，因为方法只能返回零或一个值。

代码public static void main(String[] args) {

List together = Stream.of(Arrays.asList(1, 2), Arrays.asList(3, 4)) // Stream of List

.map(List::stream)

.collect(Collectors.toList());

System.out.println("Output with map() -> "+together);

List togetherFlatMap = Stream.of(Arrays.asList(1, 2), Arrays.asList(3, 4)) // Stream of List

.flatMap(List::stream)

.map(integer -> integer + 1)

.collect(Collectors.toList());

System.out.println("Output with flatMap() -> "+togetherFlatMap);

}

OutputOutput with map() -> [java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head@16b98e56, java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head@7ef20235]

Output with flatMap() -> [2, 3, 4, 5]