socket poll用法，深度探讨poll实现原理

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已于 2023-04-14 22:44:32 修改

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分类专栏： Linux网络编程文章标签： linux tcp/ip 物联网网络协议 c语言

于 2023-04-09 11:31:17 首次发布

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1.poll介绍

1.1 poll函数

1.2 struct pollfd 结构体

1.3 events和revents事件定义

1.4 events和revents事件列表

1.poll介绍

1.1 poll函数

#include <poll.h>

int poll(struct pollfd *fds, nfds_t nfds, int timeout);

参数：
fds：监听事件结构体数组
nfds：监听事件结构体数组长度
timeout：
等于-1：一直阻塞
等于0：立即返回
大于0：等待超时时间，单位毫秒

返回值：
出错：返回-1
超时：返回0
成功：返回生效监听事件个数

1.2 struct pollfd 结构体

struct pollfd {    
    int fd;     
    short events;    
    short revents;
};

fd: 监听文件描述符
events：监听事件集合
revents：返回事件集合结果

1.3 events和revents事件定义

头文件：<poll.h>

#define POLLIN      0x0001
#define POLLPRI     0x0002
#define POLLOUT     0x0004
#define POLLERR     0x0008
#define POLLHUP     0x0010
#define POLLNVAL    0x0020
#define POLLRDNORM  0x0040
#define POLLRDBAND  0x0080
#define POLLWRNORM  0x0100
#define POLLWRBAND  0x0200
#define POLLMSG     0x0400
#define POLLREMOVE  0x1000
#define POLLRDHUP   0x2000
#define POLLFREE    0x4000
#define POLL_BUSY_LOOP 0x8000

1.4 events和revents事件列表

图 1

2.poll软件架构

图 2

3.poll示例程序

3.1 服务端程序

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#define LISTEN_BACKLOG (5)
#define BUF_SIZE (1500)

#define ACK_STR "ack ok"
#define FD_NUM (2)

void usage(void) {
    printf("*********************************\n");
    printf("./server 本端ip 本端端口\n");
    printf("*********************************\n");
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct sockaddr_in local;
    struct sockaddr_in peer;
    int sock_fd = 0, new_fd = 0;
    int ret = 0;
    socklen_t addrlen = 0;
    char send_buf[BUF_SIZE] = {0};
    char recv_buf[BUF_SIZE] = {0};

    if (argc != 3) {
        usage();
        return -1;
    }

    char *ip = argv[1];
    unsigned short port = atoi(argv[2]);
    printf("ip:port->%s:%u\n", argv[1], port);

    sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sock_fd == -1) {
        perror("socket error");
        return -1;
    }

    memset(&local, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
    local.sin_family = AF_INET;
    local.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);
    local.sin_port = htons(port);

    ret = bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&local, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
    if (ret == -1) {
        close(sock_fd);
        perror("bind error");
        return -1;
    }

    ret = listen(sock_fd, LISTEN_BACKLOG);
    if (ret == -1) {
        close(sock_fd);
        perror("listen error");
        return -1;
    }

    struct pollfd fds[FD_NUM] = {0};
    //添加监听套接字至监听事件数组
    fds[0] = (struct pollfd) { .fd = sock_fd, .events = POLLIN };
    nfds_t nfds = 1;
    //设置超时事件
    int timeout = 2000;
    while (1) {
        ret = poll(fds, nfds, timeout);
        if (ret == -1) {
            perror("poll error");
            break;
        } else if (ret == 0) {
            printf("poll timeout\n");
            continue;
        } else {

        }

        for (int i = 0; i < nfds; i++) {
            if (fds[i].fd == sock_fd) {
                if (fds[i].revents & POLLIN) {
                    addrlen = sizeof(peer);
                    new_fd = accept(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&peer, &addrlen);
                    if (new_fd == -1) {
                        perror("accept error");
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (nfds >= FD_NUM) {
                        printf("out of fd num error\n");
                        close(new_fd);
                    } else {
                        printf("accept succes new fd:%d\n", new_fd);
                        for (int i = 0; i < FD_NUM; i++) {
                            if (fds[i].fd == 0) {
                                printf("add pos:%d, pollfd:%d\n", i, new_fd);
                                //添加新套接字至监听事件数组
                                fds[i] = (struct pollfd) {.fd = new_fd, .events = POLLIN};
                                nfds++;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                if (fds[i].revents & POLLIN) {
                    memset(recv_buf, 0, BUF_SIZE);
                    ret = recv(fds[i].fd, recv_buf, BUF_SIZE, 0);
                    if (ret <= 0) {
                        printf("remove pos:%d, fd:%d\n", i, fds[i].fd);
                        close(fds[i].fd);
                        //从监听事件数组中移除套接字
                        fds[i] = (struct pollfd){0};
                        nfds--;
                    } else {
                        printf("recv pos:%d, fd:%d, len:%d, %s\n", i, fds[i].fd, ret, recv_buf);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < nfds; i++) {
        if (fds[i].fd > 0) {
            close(fds[i].fd);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

3.2 客户端程序

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#define LISTEN_BACKLOG (5)
#define BUF_SIZE (1500)

#define REQUEST_STR "tcp pack"

void usage(void) {
    printf("*********************************\n");
    printf("./client 对端ip 对端端口\n");
    printf("*********************************\n");
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct sockaddr_in client;
    struct sockaddr_in server;
    int sock_fd = 0;
    int ret = 0;
    socklen_t addrlen = 0;
    char send_buf[BUF_SIZE] = {0};
    char recv_buf[BUF_SIZE] = {0};

    if (argc != 3) {
        usage();
        return -1;
    }

    char *ip = argv[1];
    unsigned short port = atoi(argv[2]);
    printf("ip:port->%s:%u\n", argv[1], port);

    sock_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sock_fd == -1) {
        perror("socket error");
        return -1;
    }

    memset(&server, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
    server.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);
    server.sin_port = htons(port);

    ret = connect(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
    if (ret == -1) {
        close(sock_fd);
        perror("connect error");
        return -1;
    }

    int seq = 0;
    while(1) {
        memset(send_buf, 0, BUF_SIZE);
        sprintf(send_buf, "%s:%d", REQUEST_STR, seq++);
        send(sock_fd, send_buf, strlen(send_buf), 0);
        printf("send %s\n", send_buf);
        sleep(5);
    }

    close(sock_fd);

    return 0;
}