ubuntu 系统配置脚本

1、安装ros脚本

新建脚本install_ros.sh，将以下内容输入保存：

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver 'hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80' --recv-key C1CF6E31E6BADE8868B172B4F42ED6FBAB17C654
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y ros-melodic-navigation
sudo apt install -y python-rosinstall python-rosinstall-generator python-wstool build-essential
sudo apt install -y ros-melodic-desktop-full
echo "source /opt/ros/melodic/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

sudo rosdep init
rosdep update

然后给该脚本权限：

 sudo chmod a+x intall_ros.sh

打开终端执行脚本：

./install_ros.sh

2、修改镜像脚本

脚本操作流程如上，只需更改内容即可。根据需要更换的镜像替换echo中的内容，脚本中使用的是阿里源。注意：需要保留" "。

sudo cp  /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak 
echo "deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

" >/etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade -y

3、开机自起设定

由于ubuntu18.04取消了rc.local，需要自行添加相应功能。脚本内容如下：

echo "[Install]  
WantedBy=multi-user.target  
Alias=rc-local.service" >> /lib/systemd/system/rc.local.service
sudo ln -s /lib/systemd/system/rc.local.service /etc/systemd/system/
sudo vim /etc/rc.local 
echo"		#!/bin/sh -e
		#
		# rc.local
		#
		# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
		# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
		# value on error.
		#
		# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
		# bits.
		#
		# By default this script does nothing.
    注：此处加入你要启动的内容，如：
    su - lll -c "/home/lll/script/install_ros.sh"	
		exit 0">/etc/rc.local
sudo chmod +x /etc/rc.local
sudo systemctl enable rc-local
sudo systemctl start rc-local.service
sudo systemctl status rc-local.service

4、无密码操作

新建脚本，输入以下内容：

echo '#
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
# Please consider adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of
# directly modifying this file.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#
Defaults	env_reset
Defaults	mail_badpass
Defaults	secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"

# Host alias specification

# User alias specification

# Cmnd alias specification

# User privilege specification
root	ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
#%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL
%lll ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo	ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

# See sudoers(5) for more information on "#include" directives:

#includedir /etc/sudoers.d' > /etc/sudoers

其中，lll是主机名。这样在使用时可以避免重复输入密码。